Bbc story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bbc story - Essay Example However, due to the advancement in technology, there are many options for people to select from the sources of news. Besides TV, radio, and newspapers, there is now internet which provides the latest news at any given time of the day free of cost. This increasing trend has forced the companies to focus just as much on their online presence. The newspaper industry is losing audience to the internet as people are no longer willing to pay for news that they can easily access online for free. Thus, in order to survive, the news companies are not spending big amount to maintain audience both online and offline. A different strategy was adopted by all three of the news companies to compete with each other. BBC was quick in coming up with an online strategy given its vast audience. The company soon announced its decision to go â€Å"digital† under the leadership of Entwistle. The introduction of iPlayer proved to be quite successful both, for the network as well as the VOD market (Andrews, 2012). The main strategy of the company was to focus on vision, audio and music, and digital future media division (Andrews, 2012). The global audience for BBC online is estimated to be 30 million (Horrocks, 2012). Guardian, on the other hand, completely embraced the online media and decided to become â€Å"a digital-first organization† in 2011 (The Guardian, 2011). The company announced that it will be posting complete material online and increase its investment in maintaining audience online as it is the future’s demand. The company is now focusing on reaching out to more people through internet and mobile phones and make efforts to improve its digital services since the entire newspaper industry has been suffering due to this major shift in use preferences (The Guardian, 2011). The guardian is presently the fifth most visited news site in the world with over 30 million online

Revenue Recognition Essay Example for Free

Revenue Recognition Essay Companies that produce to order under production or construction contracts often attempt to spread prospective revenues, related costs, and resulting net income over the life of the contract in proportion to the work accomplished. The method used to accomplish this spreading of revenues, costs, and income is called the percentage of- completion or production method. †¢Sales Basis. The sales (or accrual) basis is the most widely used method for recognizing revenues. Revenues are assumed to be earned at the time the sale is made, even though the cash may not have been collected from customers. For companies that produce to open stock, the sale is the critical event for revenue recognition. Even though value is added to goods through the production process, these companies face considerable uncertainty about who the customer will be and about the amount and timing of the sale. It is necessary to have an arm’s length transaction, in which the customer is legally obligated to pay for the merchandise or service. Such factors as the signing of a sales contract and the delivery of the product provide evidence that the sale has been made. At the time of the sale, revenue is recognized and the amount due from the customer is reflected as an asset such as accounts receivable. †¢Cash Receipts Basis. In some cases, the receipt of cash is considered to be the critical event for revenue recognition. There are three reasons for using the cash receipts basis. First, for some taxpayers, the use of the cash receipt basis is allowable for computing taxable income and may result in some postponement of tax payments. Second, when collection from customers is regarded as very uncertain, the cash receipts basis may be the best indication of actual revenues. Finally, the cash receipts basis is more conservative than the sales basis. It is important to realize that when the cash receipts basis of revenue recognition is used, the product must also have been delivered to customers before revenue is recognized. Thus, if cash is received in advance (such as with magazine subscriptions), the receipt of cash would not be considered sufficient evidence for recognizing revenue. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/finance-homework-help

The Purpose of Restorative Justice Methods Essay -- Law, criminal just

The Purpose of Restorative Justice Methods Introduction High rates of recidivism demonstrate that the judicial system has been unsuccessful in determining criminal activity. Alternatives to incarceration known as restorative justice has existed for centuries, yet has only been recently implicated into the Canadian judicial system. The practices of restorative justice have been proven very successful for minor offences among adults and youth in bringing together the offenders, victims, and the community. However, acts of violence and serious offences committed by youths have no place in these resolutions. The act of violence is traumatizing to the victim. There is a high chance of re-conviction of a violent offence and these types of offences are too complicated to be resolved outside of the judicial system. The Purpose of Restorative Justice Methods The restorative justice is a new development of crime control. The ideal method behind the restorative justice philosophy is that criminal behaviour is able to be reduced by decreasing the expected utility of criminal activity (Goff 2011, p. 86). Restorative justice is created in the interest of the victim, the public, and the community. The offender is to be made aware of their moral wrong doing and have it be known that their actions will no longer be tolerated. The method of deterrence is not from legal sanctions, but rather from the negative consequences. The criminal behaviour is highlighted as a despicable act and thus, the offender is then shamed. Another purpose of the restorative justice procedures is to off the victim with the opportunity to heal and take part in the systems. Community members can add a humanistic element to the justice system and provides off... ...undertake. Conclusion The methods of restorative justice have acted as a mediator tool which brings together the offender, victims and community. The offender gains a moral conscious of their wrong doing and understands the impact on the victim, although this provides the victim with the opportunity to confront the offender and resolve the wrong doings. While the methods of restorative justice have been successful in resolving minor offences, more serious offences such as violence committed by youth has no place in being disputed outside of the judicial system. The repercussions of violence on the victim have been proven long-lasting and the victim is unlikely to participate in the mediation. The chances of re-offending are very high for those who commit acts of violence, and the offence of violence is too complex for the community to settle these disputes.

Hardware and Software requirements for the DTP facilities needed Essay

A client from the GNVQ Sports Catalogue Group has asked me to produce a document of at least 16 camera-ready copy pages. The GNVQ Sports Catalogue Group is a small sized company that are a mail order company. They sell sports goods like shirts, footwear, equipment for different sports, clothes etc. The last catalogue is out of date and they need a new catalogue to keep up to date. The catalogue has to advertise the company’s goods and sell them. The client will choose a catalogue to run with to sell the goods. The client wants the following things to be covered in and on the catalogue. The front and back cover has to look professional. An index can be set out in different ways maybe to look for an individual products or products underneath a category. An order from must be put in to the catalogue. In the order form details for the customer to fill in must include name, address, Product ID, Product Name, Quantity, Sub Total, Total. The client stated that 5 orders could only be made on one order form. On the order form also the details that must be include are the company address, phone and fax numbers, postage and package details must be included. The inside pages of the catalogue have to contain the following things. On the pages there must be the name of the product that is being sold on the page where it is noticeable. Also the picture of the product should be on the page. There should be a product description describing what type of product you are selling. This description must include the product ID, product name and price. Other additional things that can be included are like what sizes the product comes in. Hardware and Software requirements for the DTP facilities needed Here I will tell and describe what type of hardware that I need to produce the catalogue. The reason why I did my draft designs the way I did is because of the following reasons. I picked up three catalogues and I analysed them in the following way. The first catalogue I am going to analyse is the FCUK (French Connection United Kingdom). The theme of this catalogue is beach/casual wear. Front cover The front cover is ok. Parts of a word on the front cover have been split up. In between these large letters it has the company name in red, which is in the centre. Underneath the company name it says â€Å"buymail† (hence the fact I got this catalogue by post). It then has a female model at the bottom of the front cover. Along the bottom it has what season the catalogue is in. Underneath they have the contact phone number and the company email address if you want to email them about something. The phone number is in a red colour also. I think the company put their company name and number in red so it stands out and that the people know where to reach them. When you open up the catalogue it has the following logo. The logo is orange and yellow. This gives a feel of the summer, beaches and warmth. Underneath the logo is a brief statement. It entails certain things like they comment on the clothes that are further in the catalogue and other things. It then has the company’s email address. Page Layout Throughout the catalogue the page layout is very similar to one another inside. The page layout inside the catalogue is as follows. On the first page it has a picture of a woman. At the bottom left corner it is says â€Å"Ladieswear pages 3-28†. On the next page are the products being displayed. The products are sort of in a circle shape and in the middle is another product. Underneath it has the description of the product. The description underneath the products includes the product name, style number, colour and the sizes it is available in. The products on the page are displayed on a white background. They also have the description underneath the products. This makes the products stand out. The people modelling the clothes on some pages are on a creamy background. They do not have a contents page. But the front-pages before that particular section starts there is a picture of a person and the related product that is being sold on the pages ahead. It also says how many pages long the section is next to the picture. This may act as a contents page. The lack of good description about the product may be a good thing because potential customers may not want to read lots of detail; they may want to go straight to the product. They also do not have an index. I think this is going to make it a bit hard for the customers to find a specific product they want. I think this because when the person is filling out the order form they might forget a tiny detail about the product and they need to find it quick. They cannot do that in this catalogue therefore they would have to go through the catalogue to find the product they need. I think having an index in the catalogue is very important because it will make it easier for the person to look for a specific product. Back cover The back cover is as follows. It just has pictures from the beach. It also has the company in short (FCUK) in pink on the back cover. At the bottom of the page it has in the same style writing as the logos on the inside page it says â€Å"MEMORIES OF Fcukiki Beach†. This is also in orange and yellow to make it a summer, warmth and beach feel.

Fireworks poem Essay

Fireworks – a device containing chemicals that create a splendid explosion when lighted. That’s the first definition that comes to mind when the word ‘fireworks’ is mentioned. However, in the dictionary, it states that there is also a figurative meaning for fireworks, which is ‘an outburst of anger or other emotions’. In Amy Lowell’s poem, â€Å"Fireworks†, she uses the noun definition of fireworks to express the figurative meaning of fireworks. Throughout the poem, Amy reveals how much she hates this person by using descriptive words to describe the spectacular explosions caused by fireworks. Thus, the main idea of the poem is anger or strong feeling of hostility. â€Å"Fireworks† is an example of a lyrical poem because the poem rhymes and it has a regular and continuous rhyme scheme, which is – AA, AABB, AABB, AA, AABB, AABB, and AA. A lyrical poem also shows emotions and imagination. In this poem, the poet showed emotions by the lines that stated, â€Å"You hate me and I hate you†. The poem also showed imagination because Amy used the noun meaning of fireworks to demonstrate the figurative meaning of fireworks. However, this poem has an irregular meter because each line has a different number of syllables. Also, there isn’t a pattern in the stressed and unstressed words. This poem also didn’t have any onomatopoeias, consonances and assonances. The poem is written in seven stanzas, which includes four regular quatrains and three regular couplets. The first stanza is a couplet that tells the reader the poet hates this person and the person hates the poet too. It also states that they are both polite about it. The second and third stanzas (quatrains) describe to the reader what happens when the poet sees her enemy. The poet’s anger is expressed though vivid fireworks. The fourth stanza (a couplet) again tells the reader the poet hates her enemy. The fifth and sixth stanzas (quatrains) inform the reader what happens when the poet’s enemy sees the poet. Again, this frustration of the enemy is reveal through descriptive fireworks. The last stanza (a couplet) talks about the anger the two creates and the first line of the poem is re-stated again. In this poem, Amy uses a lot of descriptive words to describe the fireworks. The strong descriptive words create a vivid image of fireworks inside the reader’s head. Amy also chooses to use words like â€Å"mauve† and â€Å"azure† instead of just saying â€Å"purple† and â€Å"blue†. The imagery pictures she created were – spits and sparkles in stars and balls, buds into roses and flares and falls, scarlet buttons, pale green disks, silver  spirals and asterisks, shoot and tremble in a mist, peppered with mauve and amethyst, saffron cubes, crimson moons, wheels all amaranths and maroons, golden lozenges and spades, arrows of malachite’s and jades, patens of copper, azure sheaves, glossy leaves. The words Amy used in this poem were carefully chosen to create such detailed pictures. â€Å"Fireworks† include many literary terms. As said in the pervious paragraph, this poem has a lot of imagery. The whole poem can also be referred to a metaphor because throughout the poem, it compares anger to fireworks without using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. In addition, there is alliteration in the poem. In the second stanza, the third line, it says, â€Å"In spits and sparkles in stars and balls†. There was a repetition of initial sounds in the three words ‘spits’, ‘sparkles’ and ‘stars’. Also, the second stanza, first line and the last two words â€Å"burst apart† can be an example of a connotative diction because the dictionary meaning means to break apart but it can also mean to get very angry. This can also be an example of a hyperbole because it is an exaggeration of how angry the poet must be feeling. The fifth stanza, first line and the last two words can also be a connotative diction because the dictionary meaning is ‘to tear apart’ but in this case, it means to be furious. This can also be a hyperbole too because it exaggerates anger the poet’s enemy feels. The last example of a connotative diction is the second stanza, second line and the last two words, which is, â€Å"blazing heart†. The dictionary meaning is ‘a burning heart’ but can also mean a strong feeling of hostility. The last literary term found is a symbol. The last stanza and the second line states, â€Å"Such fireworks as we make, we two!† The word ‘fireworks’ in this line doesn’t mean fireworks (a device containing chemicals that cause a splendid explosion) but instead meaning the problems and furious agreements the poet and her enemy create. Each of the devices the poet used is very important to the poem. The first and most obvious device the poet used was imagery. The poet used many descriptive words that created and showed the readers how the fireworks actually looked like. The main idea of the poem is expressing anger though fireworks so it is very important to show the readers how each of the fireworks look like. Another device used was the hyperbole. Using a hyperbole exaggerates a word or phrase and can emphases how much the poet hates her enemy and the other  way around. Connotative dictions are also important in this poem because they show how the poet and her enemy feel. Last but not least, the metaphor throughout the whole poem is the most significant device used because it compares the poet and her enemy’s frustration of each other through fireworks. In conclusion, this poem is using the noun definition of fireworks to express the figurative meaning of fireworks. The poem is about the poet hating her enemy and the enemy hating the poet. Throughout the whole poem, their anger towards each other is expressed in the form of fireworks. Therefore, the main idea of this poem is anger or a strong feeling of hostility.

Events industry The WritePass Journal

Events industry Introduction Events industry ). The industry uses its platform in the public eye to push key agendas such as sustainable development and eco-awareness therefore comprising of a social responsiveness aspect. The events industry is interconnected with certain other economic goals such as exports earning potential with the many of the leading global exhibition organizations are UK-based, therefore leading to profit generation return significant export income. There is significant growth expected in the outdoor and sports events sectors with the upcoming Olympics and Paralympics with a projected 20% additional business visits expenditure predicted for that that period. The implication therefore of being connected to the events industry is substantial as change in this sector has a significant influence over other related economic ventures. Events management is essentially a service based industry that revolves strongly around planning and execution. It involves studying the intricacies of a particular brand, identifying a target audience, devising an event concept, thereafter planning the logistics and coordinating the technical aspects that are required by the event before actually executing the plan for the event. Events are considered a strategic marketing and communication tool for all sized and variety of companies. Management not only includes logistical organization, but also other considerations such as health and safety. The industry there requires good working knowledge of administration relating to this events. In recent years there has been a push towards education of events professionals with an increasing number of institutions offering graduate degrees and diplomas in events management, therefore supporting the aims of professional management by the EIA. There are four broad categories of events: Leisure , cultural, organizational and personal. The Giants of Industry As mentioned, the EIA is the general regulatory body of the events industry. It is an internal body as it is made up of three separate partners: the Association of Event Organizers (AEO), the Association of Event Venues (AEV) and the Event Suppliers and Services Association (ESSA). This alliance represents the three main players in the industry, namely the professionals, venue coordinators and suppliers. The Association of Event Organizers (AEO) represents the â€Å"companies which conceive, create, develop or manage trade and consumer events† (AEO, 2012). They aim to serve the industry by promoting the needs of event organizers and the industry at large (AEO, 2012). These organizers are responsible for the way an event is planned, prepared and produced. An event manager’s job is to oversee and arrange every aspect of an event, including researching, implementing, controlling, planning, organizing, and evaluating an event’s design, activities, and production (Silvers, 2003). The Association of Event Venues (AEV) represents an â€Å"organization serving an established event venue community, focused on creating and driving platforms that service fundamental industry needs† (AEV, 2012). The importance of the appropriate venue goes without saying and therefore to have an organization where one can ensure an industry standard as well as the provision of the correct and suitable event venue is absolutely vital. The broad category into which the event falls will generally dictate the type of venue that is needed and to this extent it is the venue coordinators or administrators that liaise with the event planners with regards to venue specific logistical requirements. The third leg of the tripod is the Events Suppliers and Services Association (ESSA) which represents â€Å"the best interests of contractors and suppliers of goods and services to the exhibitions events industry† (ESSA, 2012). In addition to its sister organizations, the ESSA is committed to creation of an industry standard that is committed to a certain service expectation and guarantee in this time of economic recession. Recently, there is a fourth major role player in the industry in the public government sector, namely the All-Party Parliamentary Group for the UK Events Industry whose mission is to â€Å"represent the UK events industry in Parliament; to highlight the value of the industry, engage with politicians and industry representatives; and to ensure that the UK benefits from the success of events like the 2012 Olympics† (APPG Events Industry, 2012). This has been an important introduction into the industry as it has formed some public sector involvement in the formally private industry. With the projected boom of the industry during the Olympic Games, this presents a unique opportunity for interaction in government tender thereby facilitating growth into the public sector. Trends in the Event Industry Link with Education Despite the recession, the industry continues to grow and therefore there is a greater need for industry professionals. This is turn creates the need for industry standard and therefore a greater need for education information, advice and guidance. More and more, the industry is requiring qualifications for events vacancies and there has been a recent emergence of graduate degrees and diplomas to this extent. The Economic Recession The recession has mainly only affected construction, automotive and finance institutions, however for the majority of business it is business as usual. Most of the businesses therefore have the scheduled events without consequence; however acknowledge that this is to the detriment of the luxury end of the venue scale to the benefit of the midrange venues such as universities and halls. There is however a significant change in the public perception of companies as the whiplash of the recession is that there have been higher redundancy rates and therefore less incentives and rewards as companies do not wants to be perceived as spending on unnecessary expenses whilst making staffing cutbacks. The knock on effect of this has caused greater competition in the industry as there is less market share to go around. This can be advantageous for the industry as it will raise standards for service delivery in trying to win back market share, however it can also lead to the downfall of smaller bo utique companies Non-Profit or Charity Sector Research indicated that the not-for-profit sector accounts for up to 50% of the clientele of the events industry. This sector seems to have grown despite the recession and they tend to bring in stable business as events are often planned well in advance. Shortened Time-Frames More Bang for your Buck Clients are expecting more value for money and therefore have higher service expectations. There is also a new trend of last-minute booking agencies in order to get a better deal.   There is more pressure in the work place as a result of shorter lead times which require high developed coordination skills. This relates back to the earlier trend of educational requirement in the industry. This also involves strong need for skilled account managers. Location, Location, Location! The type of event in demand has evolved into the popular outdoor festivals. The demand for day trips within the UK began to rise in 2009, with people choosing to spend their leisure time locally. This has assisted the growth of tailor-made/DIY holiday packages, one needs to be aware of these trends to assess the potential of any event. Why me? I am exceptionally well coordinated. I believe that the key to successful event planning is to be able to coordinate yourself and an entire team – it’s all about planning and re-planning. Through my professional experience thus far, I have refined this skill. I am also very resourceful. I believe that due to the nature of the business, there is the potential for things to wrong or not according to plan. I would do well in these situations, as I am able to come up with a creative fix, whether moving things around or on the spot rescheduling. I have a passion for this industry that I believe will carry me through difficult situations, and I am able to communicate effectively with all those around me. I have a good working knowledge of the various stakeholders in any events, which I learned through professional experience over the years and as such am versatile. I am level-headed and practical, so I am able to manage plans in an objective and logical way. It is a combinati on of these skills that I believe will make me a strong contender in the industry. I am also very personable and friendly, allowing me to get along well with anybody regardless of position or professional, this helps develop good business relationships and is crutial for successful networking in the industry. Graduate Opportunities Accommodation Manager It is the accommodation managers responsibility to ensure that the venue or establishment is run smoothly and according to standard.   There are employment opportunities in both the public and private sector. Managerial skills are very important in this job as one would often be running an establishment and a team of people. Often these managers would oversee any conference and meeting preparation that is hosted at their venue/establishment, making a background in events highly advantageous. Catering Manager A catering manager organizes and develops the food and beverage services of an organisation. This could vary depending on the size of the company from managing a team of people responsible for different areas of the team, or a day to day running of staff. These managers are responsible for ensuring that the sales runs smoothly, whilst still having a hands-on approach to management. Conference Centre Manager A conference centre manager manages the everyday operations of a conference centre. This includes managing the staff as well as any administration that needs to take place, including catering, staffing, accommodation, marketing and finance, and sales. It is a multi-faceted job that requires a dynamic individual, however should help to generally improve all skills. Event Organizer Event organisors are responsible for the production of events from conception to completion. These events may be exhibitions or markets, fairs, festivals, conferences, promotions and product launches, social and charity events. They can work in public or private sector, in-house or freelance. It is a dynamic industry and allows the most room for unpredictable growth as the amount of work put in generally reflects the output. Public House Manager Public House managers generally work for a pub or bar. They are responsible for all the sales, marketing and management requirements of these pubs. This could range from stock and staff control, however could also include event planning for the pub or for musical events. The ability to market is key in this role as it is the managers responsibility to ensure that the pub remains profitable. GAP Analysis Plan of Action Leadership Competencies These roles require strong leadership qualities, as most functions involve running a team of people and in order to do so effectively, there will need to be strong management skills and also the ability to understand people.   Whilst I have good communication skills and a strong background in customer service, I am well attune to managing good working relationships which will be advantageous to networking, however I can look to improve my experience in managing a team of people. However, because of my experience working in fast paced hospitality environments, I am well coordinated, efficient and adept at time management. The transition therefore to experiencing Functional Competencies It has been stressed through evaluating the various criterian and market trends in the events industry that excellent organization skills are absolutely vital to the success of a person in the events industry. Whilst my organizational skills are well practiced as my professional experience has necessitated the development of these skills in terms of management myself and my work environment. Gaps The gaps that exist in my skill level that I aim to improve is really relating to my management skills. I hope to immediately find a position that will allow me to have responsibilities within my role managing people and therefore improving my leadership ability. I believe that thus far I will be successful and competent in these roles, however at this stage, I am looking for experience managing people to ensure quick career progression. I also hope to get more experience in managing a variety of different things at a time for example: staffing, financial and budget management, catering needs, venue hire. Being able to manage these different things at one time will undoubtedly assist in the development of my coordination skills and also generally give me more experience in a practical working environment. Plan of Action In the time leading up to graduation, I am going to start looking at job opportunities in the industry in events management position. I think to begin with it is important to work in-house to gain experience and begin to network. Inevitably it is my career ambition to have my own events company, branching out initially into freelance and then building it up from there into a small to medium sized company. However, I first need to learn the ropes and the practical aspects of the industry and also find out the sector that I most enjoy and am the most successful in. I believe that I have finished my formal education, however now need to get a practical education and link what I have learned to actual industry work. In the summer, I plan to look for an internship leading up to a permanent position as a junior in-house events planner. I would be most interested in getting involved in festival and cultural events that are based on the idea of a day trip. References Association of Event Organizers, 2012 [online] [cited 19 May 2012] Accessed on aeo.org.uk/ Association of Event Venues, 2012 [online] [cited 19 May 2012] Accessed on aev.org.uk/ Event Suppliers and Services Association, 2012 [online] [cited 19 May 2012] Accessed on essa.uk.com/ Events Industry Alliance, 2012. [online] [cited 19 May 2012) Accessed on: eventsindustryalliance.com/ People 1st Labour Market Review of the Events Industry January 2010 Prospects The UK’s Official Graduate Career Website: Events Management [online] [cited on May 2012) Accessed on prospects.ac.uk/types_of_jobs_hospitality.htm Register Of All-Party Groups [as at 4 May 2012] All-Party Parliamentary Group for the UK Events Industry [online] [e-register] Accessed on publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmallparty/register/events-industry.htm

Free Essays on A Brief History Of Feminism

A Brief History of Feminism Feminism is difficult to define because every woman views feminism differently. â€Å"Generally speaking, feminism is a political, social, and cultural stance that is pro-woman† (Warhol, 1995). Feminists believe, among other things, in equal rights, opportunities and paychecks for men and women. Women are just as worthy and valuable as men and feminists want the world to know it. Before the 1920’s, women had virtually no rights. They could not vote, they could not own property and they were treated with little or no respect. Women were expected to stay at home and take care of their husbands and children. If a woman did choose to work outside of her home, there were few jobs to choose from. Most women worked as clerks, nurses, schoolteachers and other traditionally female occupations. Women began to grow very frustrated and they realized that something had to change. â€Å"Historically speaking, feminism has been associated in the United States with the struggle for women’s political enfranchisement† (Warhol, 1995). The first wave of feminism in the United States occurred in the 1920’s hen women fought for the right to vote. A proposed constitutional amendment was introduced in every session of Congress form 1878 to 1919, but was defeated each time. Finally, in 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution giving women equal pay for equal work, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited job discrimination on the basis of gender. The second wave of feminism arose in the 1960’s with the sexual revolution. This wave of feminism is sometimes referred to as Women’s Liberation. This time the movement involved issues of reproductive rights (such as birth control and abortion) as well as equality in the workplace and female representation in the government. Many believe that this wave of feminism is still in place today. To... Free Essays on A Brief History Of Feminism Free Essays on A Brief History Of Feminism A Brief History of Feminism Feminism is difficult to define because every woman views feminism differently. â€Å"Generally speaking, feminism is a political, social, and cultural stance that is pro-woman† (Warhol, 1995). Feminists believe, among other things, in equal rights, opportunities and paychecks for men and women. Women are just as worthy and valuable as men and feminists want the world to know it. Before the 1920’s, women had virtually no rights. They could not vote, they could not own property and they were treated with little or no respect. Women were expected to stay at home and take care of their husbands and children. If a woman did choose to work outside of her home, there were few jobs to choose from. Most women worked as clerks, nurses, schoolteachers and other traditionally female occupations. Women began to grow very frustrated and they realized that something had to change. â€Å"Historically speaking, feminism has been associated in the United States with the struggle for women’s political enfranchisement† (Warhol, 1995). The first wave of feminism in the United States occurred in the 1920’s hen women fought for the right to vote. A proposed constitutional amendment was introduced in every session of Congress form 1878 to 1919, but was defeated each time. Finally, in 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution giving women equal pay for equal work, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited job discrimination on the basis of gender. The second wave of feminism arose in the 1960’s with the sexual revolution. This wave of feminism is sometimes referred to as Women’s Liberation. This time the movement involved issues of reproductive rights (such as birth control and abortion) as well as equality in the workplace and female representation in the government. Many believe that this wave of feminism is still in place today. To...

Definition of Postzygotic Isolation in Evolution

Definition of Postzygotic Isolation in Evolution Speciation is the divergence of two or more lineages from a common ancestor. For speciation to occur, there must be some reproductive isolation that occurs between formerly reproducing members of the original ancestor species. While most of these reproductive isolations are prezygotic isolations, there are still some types of postzygotic isolation that leads to making sure the newly made species stay separate and do not converge back together. Before the postzygotic isolation can happen, there must be an offspring born from a male and female of two different species. This means there were no prezygotic isolations, like the fitting together of the sex organs or incompatibility of the gametes or differences in mating rituals or locations, that kept the species in reproductive isolation. Once the sperm and the egg fuse during fertilization in ​sexual reproduction, a diploid zygote is produced. The zygote then goes on to develop into the offspring that is born and hopefully will then become a viable adult. However, offspring of two different species (known as a hybrid) are not always viable. Sometimes they will self-abort before being born. Other times, they will be sickly or weak as they develop. Even if they make it to adulthood, a hybrid will most likely be unable to produce its offspring and therefore reinforce the concept that the two species are more suited to their environments as separate species as natural selection works on the hybrids. Below are the different types of postzygotic isolation mechanisms that reinforce the idea that the two species that created the hybrid are better off as separate species and should continue with evolution on their own paths. The Zygote Is Not Viable Even if the sperm and the egg from the two separate species can fuse during fertilization, that does not mean the zygote will survive. The incompatibilities of the gametes may be a product of the number of chromosomes each species has or how those gametes are formed during meiosis. A hybrid of two species that do not have compatible chromosomes in either shape, size, or number will often self-abort or not make it to full term. If the hybrid does manage to make it to birth, it often has at least one, and more likely multiple defects that keep it from becoming a healthy, functioning adult that can reproduce and pass down its genes to the next generation. Natural selection ensures that only the individuals with favorable adaptations survive long enough to reproduce. Therefore, if the hybrid form is not strong enough to survive long enough to reproduce, it reinforces the idea that the two species should stay separate. Adults of the Hybrid Species Are Not Viable If the hybrid can survive through the zygote and early life stages, it will become an adult. However, it does not mean that it will thrive once it reaches adulthood. Hybrids are often not suited for their environment the way a pure species would be. They may have trouble competing for resources such as food and shelter. Without the necessities of sustaining life, the adult would not be viable in its environment. Once again, this puts the hybrid at a distinct disadvantage evolution-wise, and natural selection steps in to correct the situation. Individuals that are not viable and not desirable will most likely not reproduce and pass down its genes to its offspring. This, again, reinforces the idea of speciation and keeping the lineages on the tree of life going in different directions. Adults of the Hybrid Species Are Not Fertile Even though hybrids are not prevalent for all species in nature, there are many hybrids out there that were viable zygotes and even viable adults. However, most animal hybrids are sterile at adulthood. Many of these hybrids have chromosome incompatibilities that make them sterile. So even though they survived development and are strong enough to make it to adulthood, they are not able to reproduce and pass down their genes to the next generation. Since, in nature, fitness is determined by the number of offspring an individual leaves behind and the genes are passed on, hybrids are usually considered unfit since they cannot pass down their genes. Most types of hybrids can only be made by the mating of two different species instead of two hybrids producing their own offspring of their species. For instance, a mule is a hybrid of a donkey and a horse. However, mules are sterile and cannot produce offspring, so the only way to make more mules is to mate more donkeys and horses.

Appraisal Activity Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Appraisal Activity - Article Example Tuberculosis has been a paramount concern in South Africa with the HIV infected been prone to the disease. This is a health risk for very many individuals living in an around the region of South Africa. As a result, everyone should be able to access better medical care as it is the duty of doctors and nurses to ensure everyone gets the required medical attention. South Africa has adhered to these and has ensured that medications to treat tuberculosis are available at no cost (McInerney, 2007). Nurses avail themselves so as to offer their services, and this enables them to build trust with their patients. The patients have appointments which they keep, expecting medication and advice for tuberculosis treatment. It has also been the duty of nurses to educate people on symptoms and immediate care for tuberculosis. They make it their duty to look for methods that will enable patients to remember their appointments, and also take their medication (WHO, 2007). The major challenge facing patients with tuberculosis is the lack of food. There are areas highly affected by drought, and lack of food affects the health of the tuberculosis patients. However, clinics went out of their way to provide food for these patients during their appointments. The patients were from time to time given food vouchers (WHO, 2007). Nurses taking care of the tuberculosis patients do their best to ensure food is available in areas where there is drought. They have also tried to teach family members on how to take care of the patients so as to encourage adherence to anti-TB medication. Nurses try to ensure patients access basic needs, and get social support so as to improve their quality of life (McInerney, 2007). In conclusion, it is clear that nurses have, therefore, been of immense help to TB patients. Recent studies conducted show that they have contributed to ensure adherence to anti-TB medication. They ensure that the patients adhere to medication for a period

Fashion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fashion - Research Paper Example The following shall be discussed: fashion and health; fashion and comfort; fashion and culture; fashion and aesthetic culture; femininity in men’s fashion and finally, fashion and the economy. Fashion affects almost all aspects of life in the world and one of its greatest effects is on the health of those people who use the items and accessories of fashion. Some of the items which make up current fashion have adverse effects on the health of their users and it is very important that they note these effects and take the necessary actions to remedy them before they become permanent. The first to be discussed are fashion accessories, which many people who use them do not realize that they carry their own health hazards, for instance, carrying heavy handbags restricts blood flow to one side of the body causing muscle strain. Hair styles in most cases can also have unexpected results on the health of an individual for example, the wearing of hair extensions for long periods or chan ging them frequently can create bald spots on their scalps. Moreover, tight headbands, ponytails and braids can cause headaches due to the unnatural pulling of the hair resulting in the tightening of the scalp. Araujo and Minetti (759) in their article state that the minute amounts of nickel found in rings, earrings, belt buckles, watch backs, and jeans can cause an itchy red rash at the site of exposure on people who have nickel allergy which can begin suddenly even in adulthood. Furthermore, the trapped soap and moisture can cause a rash under any kind of ring but it tends to happen particularly with channel set rings with open spaces underneath the stone settings. Body piercings have a tendency of developing a bacterial infection with statistics showing a twenty percent frequency. The wearing of oversize earrings may cause the holes on the earlobes to stretch or tear and once that happens, the lobes may not heal on their own and might require cosmetic surgery to repair the damage by removing the excess tissue and stitching the hole shut. A related subject to this is the increase in the cases of cosmetic surgery because from the time they are kids, people tend to be told or given the image that they are inadequate and that they should change their looks to conform to the current fashion trend. According to Friedman (319) in his journal article â€Å"Cosmetic surgery† this has raised some serious medical concerns because since this field is still largely unregulated, any licensed physician and in some cases, dentist, is allowed to perform the procedure of cosmetic surgery. Fashion can damage one’s feet and balance through their choice of shoes especially the use of high heeled shoes. The use of these shoes leads to one bearing an additional weight on the forefoot, which results to drained nerves and joint problems such as bunions or hammertoes. These situations are almost impossible to reverse and the problems that come with them remain with the person affected for the rest of their lives, as they tend to get worse as they age. Skintight jeans can cause irritation to the skin through trapping dampness, which might lead to one having yeast infection. Eating disorders such as anorexia are caused by a person’s (especially ladies) need to conform to current fashion trends through excessive food restriction and an irrational fear of gaining weight. According to Prah (122) in the article â€Å"Eating Disorders,†

Public Health Seminar unit 8 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Health Seminar unit 8 - Research Paper Example The quest motif is therefore used in the film. The character of plastic bag represents the victim, the weak or vulnerable character who succumbed to the forces of the world (Silverblatt, Ferry & Finan, 2009, p. 194) such as the monsters (animals), winds, rains, and tides and who needs the protection of an outside agent such as his maker. The images are used as an art through mythical symbols that provide clues and cues for the viewer. For instance, water and air (primal elements of nature) has been used in the film. Water may symbolize the birth of the plastic bag in the pacific vortex for he found his belongingness for objects like him, death because of possible destruction from tides, and purity of his love for his maker. On the other hand, the air may represent his freedom and an accompanying force towards the achievement of his goal. The film is symbolic in nature and I can relate to the story because it deals with the meaning of life, contentment, and happiness. Moral dilemma ma y be present depending on the interpretation of viewer. For instance, I think that the plastic bag’s need to belong will give him happiness but it turned out in the ending that death would give him happiness. If we would apply it in reality, does this film encourage euthanasia or suicide when the situation provokes, even if it is against the morality of the society? This is because the film addressed happiness both in terms of

2500 word essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

2500 word - Essay Example In his Things Fall Apart, Achebe demonstrates that the African writer carries recognizing and celebrating the culture as his or her biggest job in order to make people from Africa start salvaging their dignity. King Solomon’s mine is a classical Victorian rendition of the unexplored Africa at the start of the 18th century. From the book, the realization that Africa was just like other continents comes out clearly. Throughout the narration in the book, imperialism comes out in many instances. For instance, the title of the book symbolically infers to the biblical times of King Solomon. From the biblical perspective, the King is known to be so wise. Other than being wise, the biblical conquests for wealth are something which are akin to the modern day imperialism. In the times of King Solomon, there were fights over territories, mines included. For instance, the book is a quest to show proof of the existence of the mines that were owned by the King. In the course of doing this, the mines that were causes of war with the Edomites, for instance, get unearthed. The revelation from this narration is that forms of leadership which border on autocracy and imperialism have been in existence from the olden days. The book only goes ahead to make the reader have a different perspective of the happenings at the time. The perception by Westerners over Africa is a clear example of imperialism. For instance, the description of the Zulu tribe in the narration when the author meets them is a clear bias which is influenced by imperialist thoughts. For instance, the author’s description of the Zulu was that of a tribe which were primitive even in their language. Based on the fcat that the Zulus are normal people and their culture differs from the Author’s, it is wrong to classify their culture as primitive. In fact, such a perception is what leads to the imperialism that was later to

Art Deco in American Architecture Research Paper

Art Deco in American Architecture - Research Paper Example The period between 1920s and 30s many banks were coming up and there was stiff competition for customers (Gebhard, 2003). Many banks that wanted to appear progressive were abandoning their cluttered and unattractive buildings for a more sophisticated and attractive buildings that Art Deco had brought. With this style, a bank could now appear stylistic and impressive. Many bank buildings portrayed an extraordinary geometric style and a subtle, rich detail that expressed a restrained sophistication that befits a financial institution. Apart from banks, corporates were also among the reasons for great demand in Art Deco architecture. Several corporate headquarters were shifting their headquarters to Art Deco styled buildings. This proved to their clients that they were stable enterprises in the economy and played a prominent role promising a modernistic future. Such corporates include electric utilities, communication companies, and those dealing with automotive. A good example of a cor poration that adopted this style is the Chrysler Corporation. It shifted its headquarters to the New York’s Chrysler Building in 1930. It was built at a time when there was a high competition for skyscrapers and style. It is a very good example of an American building representing Art Deco. The designer of this building was the architect William Van Allen. He designed it between 1928 and 1930. Initially Allen had been working for William Reynolds (a cigarette tycoon) but later on Walter Chrysler (automotive tycoon) acquired his plan. This building remained the world’s highest building for a short duration; it was a 77-story skyscraper reaching out to the Manhattan skyline. One would also notice its sense of style with the jewel-like glass crown (Nash & McGrath,... Apart from banks, corporates were also among the reasons for great demand in Art Deco architecture. Several corporate headquarters were shifting their headquarters to Art Deco styled buildings. This proved to their clients that they were stable enterprises in the economy and played a prominent role promising a modernistic future. Such corporates include electric utilities, communication companies, and those dealing with automotive. A good example of a corporation that adopted this style is the Chrysler Corporation. It shifted its headquarters to the New York’s Chrysler Building in 1930. It was built at a time when there was a high competition for skyscrapers and style. It is a very good example of an American building representing Art Deco. The designer of this building was the architect William Van Allen. He designed it between 1928 and 1930. Initially Allen had been working for William Reynolds (a cigarette tycoon) but later on Walter Chrysler (automotive tycoon) acquired hi s plan. This building remained the world’s highest building for a short duration; it was a 77-story skyscraper reaching out to the Manhattan skyline. One would also notice its sense of style with the jewel-like glass crown. The hotel industry was also a beneficiary and one of the reasons for popularity of Art Deco. The proprietors of hotels and restaurants used it to their advantage and came up with very decorated and stylized environments for eating and drinking. These environments employed the elements of Art Deco.

Genetic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Genetic Engineering - Essay Example As an initial matter it is necessary to define what is meant by genetic engineering. This process is known by many terms, such as genetic engineering, genetic modification, and the splicing of genes. Generally speaking, genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes outside of the reproductive process. It is more accurate to refer to this type of endeavor as a collective set of processes; indeed, as stated by the Union of Concerned Scientists, â€Å"genetic engineering refers to a set of technologies that are being used to change the genetic makeup of cells and move genes across species boundaries to produce novel organisms. The techniques involve highly sophisticated manipulations of genetic material and other biologically important chemicals† (â€Å"What is Genetic Engineering?†, 2005: np). In short, genetic engineering is comprised of a wide array of separate processes designed to manipulate genes for specific purposes. Genes determine an organism’s traits and characteristics. These processes, therefore, refer to the transfer and the manipulation of genes in an effort to create new traits, to emphasize certain traits, and to eliminate negative traits. These types of changes do not occur naturally; quite the contrary, they are created by human beings. These processes can be broken down into separate sub-processes of isolating a gene, manipulating that gene, and the reintroduction of new DNA into a cell in order to generate new traits. In sum, genetic engineering is the manipulation of the basic building blocks of an organism in order to create a new organism or an organism with particular traits. The designs transmitted through reproduction can thereby be studied and changed to accomplish a variety of purposes. This is, to be sure, an area which has generated much enthusiasm and much fear. The excitement generated by advances in genetic engineering is pervasive. Indeed, as stated by Curran, genetic engineering raises issues of

Art Deco in American Architecture Research Paper

Art Deco in American Architecture - Research Paper Example The period between 1920s and 30s many banks were coming up and there was stiff competition for customers (Gebhard, 2003). Many banks that wanted to appear progressive were abandoning their cluttered and unattractive buildings for a more sophisticated and attractive buildings that Art Deco had brought. With this style, a bank could now appear stylistic and impressive. Many bank buildings portrayed an extraordinary geometric style and a subtle, rich detail that expressed a restrained sophistication that befits a financial institution. Apart from banks, corporates were also among the reasons for great demand in Art Deco architecture. Several corporate headquarters were shifting their headquarters to Art Deco styled buildings. This proved to their clients that they were stable enterprises in the economy and played a prominent role promising a modernistic future. Such corporates include electric utilities, communication companies, and those dealing with automotive. A good example of a cor poration that adopted this style is the Chrysler Corporation. It shifted its headquarters to the New York’s Chrysler Building in 1930. It was built at a time when there was a high competition for skyscrapers and style. It is a very good example of an American building representing Art Deco. The designer of this building was the architect William Van Allen. He designed it between 1928 and 1930. Initially Allen had been working for William Reynolds (a cigarette tycoon) but later on Walter Chrysler (automotive tycoon) acquired his plan. This building remained the world’s highest building for a short duration; it was a 77-story skyscraper reaching out to the Manhattan skyline. One would also notice its sense of style with the jewel-like glass crown (Nash & McGrath,... Apart from banks, corporates were also among the reasons for great demand in Art Deco architecture. Several corporate headquarters were shifting their headquarters to Art Deco styled buildings. This proved to their clients that they were stable enterprises in the economy and played a prominent role promising a modernistic future. Such corporates include electric utilities, communication companies, and those dealing with automotive. A good example of a corporation that adopted this style is the Chrysler Corporation. It shifted its headquarters to the New York’s Chrysler Building in 1930. It was built at a time when there was a high competition for skyscrapers and style. It is a very good example of an American building representing Art Deco. The designer of this building was the architect William Van Allen. He designed it between 1928 and 1930. Initially Allen had been working for William Reynolds (a cigarette tycoon) but later on Walter Chrysler (automotive tycoon) acquired hi s plan. This building remained the world’s highest building for a short duration; it was a 77-story skyscraper reaching out to the Manhattan skyline. One would also notice its sense of style with the jewel-like glass crown. The hotel industry was also a beneficiary and one of the reasons for popularity of Art Deco. The proprietors of hotels and restaurants used it to their advantage and came up with very decorated and stylized environments for eating and drinking. These environments employed the elements of Art Deco.

Goose-loose Blues for the Melting Pot by Stanley Crouch essay

Goose-loose Blues for the Melting Pot by Stanley Crouch - Essay Example Stanley Crouch, who is a black writer, in his Essay- ‘Goose-loose Blues for the Melting Pot’ is of the opinion that intermingling of different cultures can solve the problem of racial difference. Crouch pointed out that: â€Å"blacks would have made it all the way into American society once a Negro could be shown in a deodorant commercial.† (Crouch para17) the age of racial segregation and the practice of color-bound evaluating a person is history and gone forever. The civil liberties, which are included in the US constitution is the paramount example for personal freedom and sovereignty. First of all, activism of African Americans (Negroes/black minority) in US was on the issue of slavery. Later, it turned towards active participation in politics. In the political scenario, the main issue is the unity of country, not narrow minded racial feeling. So, in the initial stages, it was hard for an African American to attain leadership. Majority of African Americans were not ready to support party labels or candidates. But African Americans were ready to support those who helped them. This narrow feeling on racial identity hindered their growth as a powerful minority group. Earlier, prejudice against Negroes in the society was so rigid that they were not measured as suitable to use in a commercial advertisement. In 1960s, there prevailed high racial tension in the society. The Negro population in US felt restriction on their civil rights and liberties, and the agitated through the civil rights movement in1963. Their main agenda was the fight against slavery and racial discrimination. But now, the situation is different. The attitude of Negroes in US had undergone a deep change. When one tries to find out the reason behind the restriction felt by Negroes in certain fields, it is evident that their attitude towards other communities donated a lot to their pathetic situation. For instance, there prevailed less

Food Poisoning Essay Example for Free

Food Poisoning Essay Introduction: Every year millions of people suffer from food poisoning due to uncontrolled application of agricultural chemicals, environmental contamination, use of illegal additives , microbiological hazards and others but as a result of increasing awareness of consumers and their demands to provide them with safe, wholesome and high quality food have force many food premises to carry out a broad assessment and re-organize their systems of food control in turn to improve efficiency , rationalization of human resources and harmonizing approaches. This assessment of food control system has resulted to shift from the traditional approach which depends mainly on the final product sampling and inspection and move forward toward the implementation of a preventative safety and quality approach based on risk analysis. (FAO, 1998) Risk based approaches has been developed by World health organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and it is called risk analysis .(WHO,2011)-website Moreover, risk analysis is a combination of three interconnected elements which are Risk management, Risk assessment and Risk communication. (FAO/WHO training manual, 2006) Risk assessment is a scientific evaluation of risk associated with hazard either qualitatively or quantitatively .Risk management is the process where the relevant information of risk including risk assessment results are used to make decisions on how they will control the risk and implementing proper options. Finally risk communication which may define as the process by which exchange of information occur between risk assessors, managers and concerned parties. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae922e/ae922e04.htm) Government officials: In order to prepare a food products that is safe for human consumption and trade within the country or worldwide as well as maintain public confidence the government officials has a major role in this issue, yet it is clear that the government has no role in the production of food and cannot by itself to make safe or unsafe food. However, the government does play two important roles to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. The first major role is to create food standards and implement it through laws, regulations, inspection, and compliance procedures. These standards range from setting legislation to prevent food adulteration toward defining limits on the levels of pesticides residues as well as levels of pathogenic bacteria, food labelling, preparation and packaging of food. As a consequence, USDAs in recent times implemented HACCP system for meat and poultry to reduce harmful contamination and the risk of food borne illness. The second role is to address food safety problems that are beyond the control of any person participating in the food chain, which require more than a regulatory solution like for example E.coli O157:H7 pathogen which originates in the gut of cattle and is spread through the environment to contaminate water, fresh produce, and beef during the slaughtering process causing a considerable hazard when present in food. Address these and many other food safety problems need a strong research base, and to develop an effective control measures not to mention the cooperation between farmers, livestock producers, food processors, retailers and consumers. Therefore, government officials play a leading role in promoting basic research and cooperation in such cases to reduce the risk of food borne diseases. (Taylor ump; Hoffmann, 2001) In fact, applying risk analysis provides many benefits to all food safety stakeholders including government. In this term it can help food safety regulators to obtain more evidence and information they require to make an effective decision and to identify and apply suitable measures to control the risk in addition to evaluate these measures for example it can be used to assess the maximum level of pesticide residue in food supplies ,increasing the rate of tests ,provide advice to a certain population subgroup, review labelling requirements, and issue a ban and/or recall for the suspected food product in response. Risk analysis can be applied to support and improve food standards such as regulation (EC) no.1829/2003 on genetically modified foods and feed (EU, 2003) and many others standards. It allows the potential costs of compliance for comparison with the expected benefits, and supports setting priorities among the various problems related to food safety. (FAO 87, 2006) In addition to the above advantages, since in article2 (2) from SPS agreement indicates the need of scientific evidence in establishing sanitary and pytosanitary measures. (SPS) though, applying risk analysis will assist the government to meet their commitments and strengthen the basis for the food trade at the international level by increasing access to new market. (FAO 87, 2006) Moreover, gaps and uncertainties in scientific knowledge can be identified using risk analysis approach, which will lead to improve food safety and a better understanding of food related impacts on consumer health. (FAO 87, 2006) In general, risk analysis is used mostly for chemical hazards but recently FAO and WHO expand the scope to cover microbiological hazards as well. (FAO 76) As a result, microbial risk assessment has been used to assess the risk posed by Listeria in a wide range of food commodities and regulatory involvements to control pathogens. (Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 39 / Tuesday, February 27, 2001 / Proposed Rules) Thus, through risk analysis the government officials can make out opportunities to reduce risk by using it to establish risk based inspection program, development and application of food standards, collaborate efforts with food processors, and consumer awareness. (Taylor ump; Hoffmann, 2001) However, since not all countries have the capabilities and resources to conduct risk assessment ,so they must make use of international data and expertise available besides data that is internationally accepted such as codex standards which accepted as scientifically valid under SPS agreement .(FAO,76) Food processors: On the other hand, food processors as discussed earlier has the main role to produce safe ,wholesome and high quality food to meet customer demands. While world health organisation (WHO) has briefly indicated that food safety is a shared responsibility from farm to fork, http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/processing-food-safety-quality-1/ governments and intergovernmental organisation like Codex Alimentarius commission (CAC) has a major responsibility in creating food standards and so it is important to involve food manufacturers in the process of setting standards at the national and international levels. This participation is beneficial to all stakeholders, and government indeed should assist this exchange of information to help ensure supplying safe products. http://www.fao.org/docrep/v2890t/v2890t05.htm Achieving this requires implementing science based systems derived from risk analysis and associated risk management approaches like HACCP for industry. (Hobbs, 2007) However, to carry out a HACCP plan, hazard analysis is required, as it considers as the first of the seven HACCP principles, it is used to assess the probable hazards that could occur through food processing, gathering data regarding those hazards and their severity to the consumer besides the possibility of their occurrence. Once established a hazard analysis using risk analysis, it must be considered throughout the HACCP plan development. (Peter warring book, food quality assurance book) In addition to the above, there are a number of authors who have suggested the use of risk based systems in HACCP plan (Baird-Parker, 1994, 1995;Buchanan, 1995; Notermans and Jouve, 1995; Elliott,1996; Notermans and Mead, 1996). Thus demands to include some aspects of risk into HACCP system are increasing. (T.Mayeres,97) Burden or benefits) (Mayers, 1997) on the other hand stated that the HACCP system is functioning effectively without the need of risk assessment approach, bearing on mind that HACCP has been internationally considered as an effective way to control food borne hazards. However, some elements of risk analysis can be useful in HACCP by increasing the scientific basis of hazard analysis, can help in identification of critical limits, as well as increasing transparency in decision making.( (T.Mayeres,97) Burden or benefits) Part B/i: Owing to the increasing demands of the global market for sea food products, exposure to food borne illness may increase as a consequence. (Book of Iso and HACCP) For instance,

Comparing and Contrasting Shakespeares Play Romeo and Juliet and the M

Comparing and Contrasting Shakespeare's Play Romeo and Juliet and the Movie Version "[. . . E]mblems of mafia gang-land hostility: guns, fast cars, and tattoos [. . .]" (Walker 5) are not the usual images found in a Shakespearean play. Baz Luhrmann's 1996 production of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is: [. . .] told in a setting [. . .] that is modern and yet unfamiliar: a world where the youth might conceivably always go armed; a world where love can still be so thwarted and endangered; where the innocence and passion of the protagonists can be so out of step with the current mood. (Hamilton 3) The original drama and the 1996 movie production have more differences than similarities that can be seen in comparing them both. The scenes and the language in the movie are easier to understand than reading the play because of the modern day setting and the conversational use of Shakespeare's language. In the movie, the hatred that is held between the Montague and Capulet families and leads to the destruction of the love that is found between Romeo and Juliet is portrayed more clearly than in the play. The feud between the two families can be seen in the characters and the scenes compared in the play and the movie. In the first act of Shakespeare's play, Tybalt, who is a member of the Capulet family, is upset at Benvolio, who is a member of the Montague family. Benvolio has drawn his sword in order to "keep the peace" (Shakespeare 1.1). Tybalt's hatred toward the Montague family can be seen in the following passage to Benvolio: "What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word, / As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee [. . .]" (Shakespeare 1.1). Samuel Taylor Coleridge suggests that "Tybalt is a man abandoned to h... ...or Why William Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet' Deserves Another Look." Literature/Film Quarterly 28.2 (2000): 118-124. 7 April 2001. . Goldman, Michael. "'Romeo and Juiliet': The Meaning of the Theatrical Experience." Shakespeare and the Energies of Drama. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. 1972. 33-44. Rpt. in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. 2nd ed. Ed. J. A. Bryant, Jr. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1998. 160-170. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. Ed. Shane Weller. New York: Dover P, 1993. Walker, Elsie. "Pop Goes the Shakespeare: Baz Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." Literature/Film Quarterly 28.2 (2000): 132-139. 7 April 2001. . William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Dir. Baz Luhrmann. Twentieth Century Fox. 1996.

Free YGB Essay - Perceptions of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Perceptions of Young Goodman Brown In "Young Goodman Brown", Nathaniel Hawthorne makes visible the perception we have of what is chaste and amoral by showing Goodman Brown that the people perceived as being the most holy are just as guilty of immoral thoughts. The naming of Goodman Brown is that it could be anyone that has to face these moral issues between good and evil. It is an everyday occurrence for us to want to test the waters of evil. The story is a reflection of existence, being that each has a path to take and decisions to make. Young Goodman Brown decides to venture forth into the realm of unknown by a yearning unknown to him. He meets up with a traveling companion who is an elderly reflection. He caries a staff of serpent life symbolizing evil. Along the path, Goodman Brown sees people he identifies with divine happenings. His conviction in humanity is shattered. He begins to converge his thoughts to heaven, for the strength to see through this masquerade of earthly surroundings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Goodman Brown is curious as to what might lay ahead on the late journey. His wife pleads for his stay, only to be denied. She speaks of dreams to Goodman Brown, he reflects on this and denies any unnerving thoughts. Goodman Brown comforts himself by convincing himself that this one deed will be the last, he will then never leave Faith again. He is asking for forgiveness since he is about to cross the line of good and evil. If he can just take leave of his virtuous living for one night, he will forever be at Faith's side. His journey leads him along a dark avenue into the woods. His traveling companion awaits his arrival, and his tardiness is blamed on his Faith. Goodman Brown is quick to note that he still has Faith, but he will journey this one time. After time passes, Goodman Brown begins to realize his mistake for taking leave this late evening. His Faith is far from him now and he would like to adhere to her wishes. He fights to take l eave of his companion, but his will is too weak. Unconsciously he continues forward. Brown questions the stranger and does not know of such evil existing in his family, but the stranger conveys to Goodman Brown the past experience he has had with his relatives.

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay

The arrangement of health care system has reciprocated in regard to provide quality and modest care. The treatment of healthcare facilities have changeover at different levels in speciality care and acute illnesses to defensive health plan. The changes have seized effective direct approaches and delivery care. With the effort to balance the demands of patient needs in health care, many considerations are made including adjustments with budgets, decreasing excessive costs, and practicing effective means of delivery care. Nurses are challenged to keep up to a work environment that requires continual changes. The nursing industry today faces shortage, as many nurses have low job satisfaction, high compassion fatigue, and the patient ratios levels associate immense acuity. Furthermore, these factors have resulted in patient satisfaction and medical reimbursements. Notwithstanding all the identified issues and its effects, few nursing facilities are growing to next level to identify and p romote nursing skills by setting framework to endeavour to gain Magnet status. This paper will focus in comparing and contrasting the expectations of the nursing managers and leaders approaches that may use in regard to magnet status. Magnet status is best defined by Miriam Hospital as ‘ a designation that is rewarded to hospitals for the concept of Magnet Culture; it is a working environment which enables nurses to practice and focus on skilful nursing, involving bedside decision making, nursing development and involvement, competent education, and promote nursing leadership skills (Miriam Hospital, n. d. ) The birth of magnet status undertook in beginning of 1980’s when some hospitals were practicing new retaining ideas for nursing staff with motivation for patient care. Therefore, this concept was developed after few researches and finally it was made official through an article named: â€Å"Magnet Hospitals: Attraction and Retention of Professional Nurses,† written and published in 1983 by Dr. McClure president of the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), professor at New York University, and a member of the original task force (Hawke, 2004). Statistics prove that Magnet hospitals have superlative patient satisfaction scores, protected patient environments, minority of repeat admissions, and improved patient outcome. It is vital that various pre-requisites and qualifications must be met and maintained to execute the concept of Magnet status. The nursing leadership  and management work in synchronization with their defined roles to achieve the goals of completing the tasks by establishing nursing staff participation needed to achieve skilful nursing. In order to receive accurate results, it is essential to define roles and target essential outcomes. According to Huber (2010), the aspect of management is to cater the resources that are required to achieve the target goal of organisation. A manager is expected to plan, organise and implement strategies from an organizing high level to enable the outline of requirements to meet the goal. The manager is responsible to practice the policies and procedures and carry them appro priately. In order to achieve Magnet status, the nurse manager needs to survey the patients and staff to identify and construct the areas of weakness that would improve the patient satisfaction. Some of the basic actions include financial stability by reducing the amount of waste, safeguarding medical reimbursement with patient satisfaction, and nursing practices that mirror decisions like bedside reporting, friendly patient care education, and timely rounding. The nursing leader is expected to provide assistant to the nurse manager in achieving goals by promoting smooth work flows through communication, and provide better understanding of their overall vision, and reasoning why these adjustments are necessary. The nursing leader can accomplish this by promoting trust and endeavouring mutual consent while managing issues (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). In comparison and contrast of the nursing managers and leader approaches there are few points to be considered. In ma nagement, the goals are carried out with the help of managers within the organisation. Whereas the leaders help to identify and develop new approaches to the issues emerging in the organisation. The managers work to fulfil the goals and continue to do, whereas the leaders undergo risks to challenge people and new ideas to break the chain (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). Frellick (2011) states that Magnet concept is created to facilitate and empower shared decision-making and accountability process. To achieve success in this concept, the healthcare facilities need to master in the regulations well known as the ‘Fourteen Forces of Magnetism’, it consists of the new levels in nursing management, encouraging strong participation, and place where nurses are recognised and are able to contribute to the top management. In addition, one more key to success if  the interdisciplinary relationships; it means the members of each department of healthcare are able to co-ordinate and work together; such as nurses, physicians, pharmacists and t herapists. Leadership aims on mutual consent of all team members and promotes respect and involvement of all departments, shared responsibilities and leadership style for actions. It is an necessary personal approach of the writer that personal involvement is the key for building working relationships between management and leadership professionals as they both promotes the organisational goals. If the nursing professionals have opinions and ideas that matters for the wellbeing of the patient satisfaction, then an extra effort to highlight the need is essential. Any new idea is difficult to execute without the commitment and facilitation of the managers and leaders and also among the other parties involved. Real efforts and success can be achieved by working together as a team, and aiming to contribute in a continuous methods in healthcare facilities for total patient satisfaction. References Frellick, M. (2011). A Path to Nursing Excellence. Hospitals & Health Networks. Advance online publication. Retrieved from Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Magnet. (2013). Retrieved from Hawke, M. (2004, January). Magnet Status Attracts Mettle. Nursing Spectrum, 19-21. Retrieved from Huber, D. L. (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management (4th ed.). Retrieved from Miriam Hospital. (n.d.). Retrieved from The difference between leadership and management. (2012). Retrieved from

African Americans and Slavery Essay

The American Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all men and women in the United States. Great debates came and went during this time; slavery and the freedom of black men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great number of things during the American revolutionary period. The arrival of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia. As the years passed more and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers. The beginning amount of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American states. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were also consequences to their choices. â€Å"Gaining freedom in a land of captivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has kept harrowed bodies and weary souls going. † In the southern states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down south required back –breaking hours of work in the sun that White Americans believed could only be done by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things imaginable for their owners, no questions asked. Some of these slaves thought it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to fight for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish owned Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to fight, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return home they earned freedom. Many of the slaves decided that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the war effort then they would gladly take their masters place. They also believed that with the beginning to the revolutionary period would bring a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to severe consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment. The most severe punishments were to cut off a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also â€Å"nice† slave owners that chose not to punish their slaves. There justification for not punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to pool in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his army. But General Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all blacks were not allowed to fight. Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were seeking freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in exchange for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmore’s promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. After the war, true to his word, slaves gained their freedom. Some of these newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in history that they were to be a part of. Fighting with white men gave these free black men a sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature. Men from the north gradually began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks fighting for the independence because they were only good for being slaves and they would never have say over anything. After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially reversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that are recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a tyranny that had no say in the matters of a new country. They felt that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again. Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in American history’ because it was just that. The revolution opened up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. â€Å"If any group within America’s diversified people came close to answering John Adams’s plea that ‘we must all be soldiers,’ it was black Americans. No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for arms with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males— and some females— were more likely to join the fray than white Americans. † According to this excerpt from another one of Nash’s books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were subject to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom. They would rather have one day of freedom, not knowing if they would die in the next second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest of their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in American history’. â€Å"Desperate to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom†¦ to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be ‘immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. † If states were desperate to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all wanted freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the soil they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel and run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves. It was a rebellion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to somehow create new ones. â€Å"It may have been, as Nash says ‘the greatest slave rebellion in American history,’ but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them. In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. † My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been fighting alongside each other and because of this withhold distaste for the blacks. The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has certain unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the color of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. ——————————————–.of Revolution (Harvard University: 2006), 1. [ 2 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 3 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 4 ]. Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution:  .

Mass communication

In a face-to-face communication, the source or the person who started talking to you expresses himself through the message in Aramaic. The encoding process involves his motor skills. These are his vocal mechanisms, the movement of his lip and tongue, his lungs, his vocal cords and the face muscles.   But what if the source had his vocal cords removed because of throat cancer? He may be able to encode his message verbally through artificial aid. But he may have difficulty doing so, nonverbally with the use of intonation, pitch and volume. That may cause the message to be encoded inappropriately or insufficiently. The channels through which you, as the receiver, receive his message are your five senses. The problem is you cannot understand the Aramaic language. Though there are channels through which people send information, there could be a possibility that it can’t be decoded. We cannot assure that you will be able to decode what the source sent, the same way he sent it.   This difference between your use of codes is an example of noise. (www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk, 2003) An example of a distance communication is through the telephone. For instance, you have a job from a faraway place. But due to a lot of work and the other people waiting in line to use the pay phone, you only have a few minutes to call a friend, the receiver. You are the source here. You express your message through the mouthpiece of the telephone, â€Å"which transmits the signal through the telephone-wire channel†. The signal acquires static noise as it goes. This distorted signal is once again converted so it can be received at the destination or at the other end, to the receiver. Loss of information may occur, causing the message to be quite different from what you sent. The possible problem in distance communication, like in this example is, whether or not the telephone system will work properly. (Griffin,1997) In public communication, the source utilizes machines, which transmits public messages that sent to large audiences, who may be at different places at the same time. The channels are media like TV and movies. The audiences are the receivers. (University of South Florida, 2005) The Shannon-Weaver, though offering an efficient analysis, does not involve much consideration of the traces of the emotional and psychological drive of humans behind the messages they send. (Buddenhagen, 1994) Generally speaking, the model is helpful in understanding the interrelatedness of the elements in a communication process. Works Cited: Buddenhagen, E.   (1994). Communication. Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.explorit.org/science/bytes/communication.html Griffin, E. (1997) Information Theory of Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver.[Electronic version] A First Look at Communication Theory.   Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.afirstlook.com/archive/information.cfm?source=archther Communication: Mass, Interpersonal, and Machine-Assisted (2005). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from University of South Florida, College of arts and sciences Website: http://www.cas.usf.edu/lis/lis6260/lectures/shannon.htm The Shannon-Weaver Model. (2003). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/introductory/sw.html               

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example Particularly when companies like the Wal-Mart are involved in this industry, a detailed study provides an idea on the journey of the company where the customer satisfaction meant to play a primary role in the success of any company. The study has tried to consider the initial stages when the concept of discount retailing was not attractive among the customers, thus determining the initial status and strategies of the Wal-Mart Company. Thus an understanding of the company’s position and threats in the industry in the 1950s has been conducted through the study. Also, the learning determines the manner in which the company has been able to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. This involves the business strategies that the company focused on including the level of customer satisfaction. The success of the company also depends on the ability of the company to manage its sustainability and thus the company’s stand in this context is also significant for the partic ular study. Lastly, the company’s entry into the German and the UK market would also reflect on the company’s reasons for success at one location while failure in another. Thus the study has been focused to have a complete overview on the Wal-Mart Company and its strategies from the early times till the present times reflecting on the ability of the company to gain and sustain its success. Case Analysis- Wal-Mart 2. Attractiveness of the discount retailing industry in the USA when Wal-Mart first began operations in the 1950s: 2.1. Introduction: The existence of the discount retailing stores can be traced back to the 1940s and the starting of the 1950s. The purpose of these stores was to serve the families of those children who were born after...Wal-Mart is a leading retail store known to perform in the discount retailing industry providing with a wide range of consumer products (Discount Stores, 2011). 2.2. Discount Retailing Industry in the USA in the 1950s: To understand the attractiveness of the discount retailing industry in the 1950s and early 1960s, the use of Porter’s Five Forces (Jia, 2007, p.1) would be useful. Considering the rivalry factor, studies from the case study as well as other sources reveal that the introduction of the discount retail stores in the 1950s led to severe opposition from other retail companies and stores that were small in size. Issues relating to the closing of small shops, or lesser employment opportunities were considered to be the consequences of the discount retail stores being introduced (Jia, 2007, p.1). Although Wal-Mart started its operations during this period of time, but there were other market players creating competitions for the company, like Target and K-Mart (Guillame, 2011). 2.3. Threats from new entrants: According to this force, a company might have threats from other companies that may wish to enter the market on seeing a company having high returns in a particular location. Thus the level of competition tends to increase (Ahlstrom & Bruton, 2009, p.133).

Threats to the Global Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Threats to the Global Security - Essay Example As the research declares the major world super powers (United Kingdom, Germany, France, China, Russia and the United States) followed a two-track policy that encouraged Iran to take part in the diplomatic negotiations as they continuously impose comprehensive sanctions a gains energy and financial sectors in Iran. Both the U.S and Israel encouraged the imposition of the sanctions and the search of the diplomatic resolutions as they give serious warning that there will be limited time for the policies and that all the available options for example military actions had only to be put on the table for discussions. According to the report findings nuclear -armed Iranian military in most cases posed a lot of threat to the Americas closest allies who were mostly in the Middle East. Israel on the other hand was also at great security risks as most of the leaders from the Iran continuously declared a war of trying to wipe out the Israel from the global map. Close allies of America like the Saudi Arabia had already been alarmed of the Iran’s aggressive policy thereby increasing their feeling bout threat by the Iran. For a very long period of time Middle East remained a significant source of the energy that was used in the U.S and the whole world . And for this reason, a nuclear-armed Iran sparked a nuclear arms race in the better part of the Middle East that for a very long time destabilize the volatile and vital region.