Bringing Fun to an Organization

The typical workplace is set up to enhance productivity and accomplishments. As such, most employees know the workplace as a place where they go to earn a living to earn a living, while accomplishing the goals set by the employer. Without putting specific effort at bringing fun to the workplace, only a small percentage of workers find some enjoyment or job satisfaction from their jobs. Seeing that this is common across many workplaces and directly affects the job output, employers have nowadays adopted ways of creating fun workplaces as a business strategy (Jeffcoat & Gibson 2006).The best way to start-off in bringing fun to the workplace is recruiting employees who have a sense of humor. According to Narisi (2008), the perfect way to gauge whether a job candidate poses a sense of humor is by watching the way he or she responds to interview questions. One of the important questions that the interviewer should answer is, is this person taking him or herself too seriously even in quest ions that do not require much seriousness? Narisi (2008) suggests the use of ‘dumb’ questions like, ‘why aren’t you married yet? ’, ‘what do you think of the paintings in our office?Among others. Greenwood (2009), states that a survey on 700 American CEOs revealed that 98 percent of them preferred interviewing job candidates with a sense of humor. Most of these CEOs attested to having a passion of not only attracting upbeat candidates, but also admitted to recruiting such and working hard to retain such in their respective organizations. After settling down with the workforce who satisfies the humor criteria, Ryan& associates (2004), suggests that employers should introduce other things like dressing for fun on specific days.Despite having the ‘dress for fun’ days in the office, the employer can encourage the staff to wear something frivolous that does not have to be visible, but serves to remind them that they should not take them selves too seriously. According to Urquhart (2003), it is the responsibility of managers to orchestrate fun in the workplace, but he or she should be cognizant of the fact that the employees create fun in the workplace. As such, the managers should act as facilitators to ensure that employees have all the resources and freedom needed to transform the workplace in to a fun place.There is controversy among analysts of just how productive a fun-filled workplace is. To this, Urquhart (2003) argues that a depressed mind is less productive than one that is jovial. In addition, fun creates a positive mental state, where employees learn to love their work and create a bond between employees who share jokes thus creating stronger work teams. Scientists also claim that fun and laughter stimulates the production of oxygen and endorphins to the brain, which results in increased creativity and clear thinking among employees (Urquhart, 2003). In the allbusimess.com (2008) website, employers are e ncouraged to allow the employees to have flextime in their job schedules. The website states that this shows the employees that the employer is concerned about their welfare. Accordingly, the employee perception motivates them leading to a less stressful and more productive workforce (allbusiness. com, 2008). This perception is backed up by countless other websites, which advocate for the use of fun in the workplace as a sure way of relieving stress, improving the individual health of employees and boosting the overall production of the organization.According to a study conducted by Karl & Peluchette (2006), and published in the Journal of Leadership and Organizational studies, employees who worked in fun environments had more confidence in their jobs and were able to serve their clientele better. This argument is backed by Jeffcoat & Gibson (2006), who agree that fun in the workplace results in lower downtimes, increased productivity, better job satisfaction and low absenteeism. Th is gives employers even more reasons to find ways of incorporating fun in the workplace.According to Lynn (2005), bringing fun to the work place is not as easy as many people might wan to believe. This is especially the case where employees and their managers have had conflicting paths regarding flexibility in the workplace. To beat the odds, Lynn (2005) suggests that employers need to create a trusting environment before adopting fun in the workplace. If they fail to create a trusting environment, chances are that the employees will reject any efforts to create fun in the work place.Trust in the workplace can be created through effective communication and respect, which wipes out negative emotions such as fear, hostility and scorn from the employees. According to jobsdb. com (2009), the major responsibility of bringing fun to the workplace lies with the manager. He or she is supposed to schedule breaks, during which employees can engage in fun-filled activities. In addition, he or she can seek employee opinions regarding cultivating fun in the workplace. Such could be by holding contests, celebrations or team-building activities.Another approach of bringing fun to an organization would be the use of morale officer’s who interact with the employees at all times, checking if there are any morale needs that needs to be addressed (Stafford, 2000). The Morale officers’ sole responsibility is to ensure that employees have a reason to look forward to the work environment with renewed anticipation each day. Fun is the one guaranteed way to achieve this. They may seek employee opinions on how best to achieve the organization objectives over lunch or tea.This breaks the office formality and leaves the employees more relaxed. To be successful in making the workplace a fun place, Stafford (2000) suggests that the morale officers should work on five pointers namely, i)feedback from employees, ii) humor, iii)bringing employees together, iv) a reward process f or the employees and v) Sticking to the organization’s mission by engaging in creative and innovative work. As noted earlier in this speech, the fun in the workplace is not an easy thing to achieve. According to McGarvey (2006, fun in the workplace does not happen.Rather, it takes hard work and creativity, mostly from the organization leaders. To bring fun to the work place hence requires the direct participation of the managerial leaders in the company. As such, it would be futile for the top organization management to issue orders for the employees to have fun, if they do not lead and demonstrate how fun in the company should be modeled. Even employees agree that the best fun trend in the workplace is set from the top management. A perfect example is the CEO and founder of Cognex Corporation, Dr.Robert Shillman, who indulges his employees to creative bonuses, where rather than giving them token money, he looks for fun alternative ways through which they can enjoy their bene fits. Shillman is renowned for his work hard and play hard style of management (cognex. com, 2009). To him, the adage â€Å"all work and no play make Jack a dull boy† stands true. The same spirit of leading from the front was exhibited by Wal-mart’s founder, Sam Walton, who not only wore a hula skirt, but also led employees in the giant retailer for a dance along Wall Street (Greenwood, 2009)..Shillman’s management style is celebrated by Joe Neulinger (quoted by Greenwood, 2009), who states that people who do not see the need for fun in the workplace are less likely to become CEOs. This observation is shared by Fry (2001), who states that managers who scores poorly on the fun scale are bad leaders whose lack of ‘a funny bone’ is evident through the unmotivated and less productive teams that they lead. Fry’s suggestion to managers is that they should begin meetings on good cheer, by maybe saying something nice about the workforce, the day or b y creating a fun-filled challenge for the group.According to Fry (2001), the possibilities of how much fun the managers can create in the work environment is limitless. However, as indicated elsewhere in the speech, it requires working on. As such, it will require a deliberate effort from the managers to create a fun workplace. Some of them might however dismiss this by saying that people should just do what they were hired to do. For this, the answer is just as blunt; managers, who expect their employee to do nothing else but work while at work, will most likely get less than the expected results.On the other hand, those who induce fun activities in the job environment ends up with an increased bottom line, without having to pressurize employees in to working harder (Fry, 2001). It is thus upon managers to choose, which of the two ways best suits them. Weinstein (1997) suggests that fun can be brought into the work place by doing things differently. For example, instead of generali zing the reward systems such that every employee gets the same reward, a little creativity can infuse fun in the reward program.When such happens, Weinstein, who is also the President PlayFair Inc reckons that the reward scheme becomes more personalized and memorable to each recipient employee. In addition, the employees take pride in not only the reward, but also the means through which the reward was presented to them. The employee can for example take the employees to a shopping mall, hand them money and instruct them to purchase personal gifts in a specified time limit. From such an activity, the employee not only appreciates the reward, but the shopping experience. However, it is not the responsibility of the managers to bring fun to the organization.The individual employees too have a responsibility that they enjoy their jobs, which is the most likely way to achieving job satisfaction amongst them. This however is partly dependent on whether the environment at work place allow s them to indulge in fun activities. Hemsath (1997) reckons that in the environment where employees are required to be optimally productive despite the stressful environment that the conventional workplace is, it is incumbent that employees find fun in the workplace without necessarily waiting for the employers hell-bent at changing nothing about the old workplace to affect the fun-changes for them.The best strategy for employees as stated by Hemsath (1997) starts with one self. Here the employee sets to become the fun-catalyst in the office and enliven the spontaneous spirit between him and his co-workers. This can be as effortless as changing one’s title, to take up a more funny title. Secondly, an individual employee can set it upon himself to inspire fun in his colleagues. This is done through encouraging them to take-up fun activities, recognizing and supporting their efforts at creating amusement.If the work environment allows, individual workers can carry toys, play fu nny music and even post colorful pictures that boost their spirits when at work. The employees can also influence the management to create rooms where the environment is less tense. Another way that individual employees can contribute to fun in an organization is by looking for humor in their situations (Hemsath, 1997). Every situation has its dark and lighter sides. An optimistic employee will concentrate more on the brighter sides of everything, which is more fun than the gloomy downside.To make the workplace comfortable for everyone however, the management and the employees must distinguish between beneficial fun, and jokes that may be deemed offensive by some parties. As such, Vikesland (2007), suggests that the workplace should have some fun rules that distinguish between what is acceptable and outright breach of company policies. As such, the employees should be made to understand that fun is not mocking, mimicking or teasing other co-workers or management. Off-color jokes, se xual innuendos, deception, sarcasm, dark humor and ethnic jokes do not qualify as fun in the workplace too.Conclusion The modern day manager realizes the benefits of bringing fun in an organization. With the countless resources propagating the benefits of bringing fun aboard the organization, well meaning CEOs, Managers or Corporate Strategists will no doubt try incorporating fun into their management styles. While there are countless ways to have fun in the workplace, the general guess however remains that some employees may be too distracted by the fun and hence loose out on the productivity.However, the success stories of same management styles that have adopted fun in the workplace indicates that there are variable ways of ensuring that despite the fun, employees not only meet their targets, but also exceed them. Companies like Google have demonstrated that fun and productivity can go hand-in-hand (Bryant, 2007). What Google offers – play station games, free food, scooter s and pets among other things- are just an example of what organizations can give or allow their employees to indulge in.A peak of what life in the Google offices is like can be viewed at http://www. cnn. com/video/#/video/business/2007/01/05/fortune. best. cos. to. work. for. cnn. cnn According to Bathurst (2008), fun in the work place has more than simple benefits. Besides improving productivity, organizations are using it today to battle employee turnover. This is because employees who enjoy the work environment are more likely to stick in the same job for longer than disgruntled employees are. Besides, employees today have more choices and can easily change jobs than was the case in the 1950’s.In conclusion, fun in the workplace has become the new business management trend that people believe encourages employee creativity, morale, satisfaction, productivity and increases employee retention. As such, fun has undeniably become an integral part of the modern corporate cultu re. References Allbusiness. com. (2008). Making the Workplace Fun. AllBusiness: A D& B company. Retrieved 06 May 2009 from http://www. allbusiness. com/human-resources/employee-development-team-building/11357-1. html Barthurst, Patricia. (2008). Having fun at work increases Loyalty, Productivity.AZcentral. com. Retrieved from http://www. azcentral. com/business/articles/2008/06/01/20080601biz-funatwork0601-ON. html Bryant, Steve. (2007). Perks du Soleil: Fun-Loving Google named Best place to Work. Retrieved from http://googlewatch. eweek. com/content/inside_google/perks_du_soleil_google_named_best_place_to_work. html Cognex. com. (2009). Cognex Corporation: Senior Management. Retrieved from http://www. cognex. com/CognexInfo/Leadership/default. aspx? id=210 Fry, Ann. (2001). Just Having Fun at work can boost productivity. Austin Business Journal.Retrieved http://austin. bizjournals. com/austin/stories/2001/06/04/smallb4. html Greenwood, Ramon. Are you Having Fun at Work? Career Know -how. Retrieved from http://www. careerknowhow. com/guidance/fun. htm Hemsath, Dave. (1997). Are we having Fun Yet? Journal of Quality and participation. Retrieved from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3616/is_199711/ai_n8773216/pg_2/? tag=content;col1 Jeffcoat & Gibson. (2006). Fun as Serious as Business: Creating a Fun Work Environment As an Effective Business Strategy. Journal of Business and Economic Research.Vol. 4. No. 2. Retrieved from http://www. cluteinstitute-onlinejournals. com/PDFs/2006321. pdf jobsdb. com. (2009). Making the Workplace Fun. JobsDB. com. Retrieved from http://th. jobsdb. com/TH/EN/V6HTML/Home/humanresource_editor26. htm Karl & Peluchette. (2006). How does Workplace Fun Impact employee Perceptions of Customer service Quality. Abst. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Vol. 13. No. 2. Retrieved from http://jlo. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/13/2/2 Lynn, Harland. (2005). Attitudes toward Workplace fun: A Three-Sector Comparison.Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Retrieved http://www. allbusiness. com/buying_exiting_businesses/3503649-1. html Narisi, Sam. (2008). HR’s Funny side: What Kind of Fruit would you be? HR Recruiting Alert. com. Retrieved 06 May 2009 from http://www. hrrecruitingalert. com/hrs-funny-side-what-kind-of-nut-would-you-be/ McGarvey, Robert. (1996). Comic Relief- Having fun at Work. Entrepreneur Journal. Retrieved from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0DTI/is_n10_v24/ai_18726422/pg_2/? tag=content;col1 Ryan, Kevin. (2004). Humor in Business: 16 ways

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay

1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. Page 115-Scout explains that Jem doesn’t want her hanging around him all the time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ stop pestering me. † And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. Page 116-â€Å"Jem developed a maddening air of wisdom that summer. † Meaning that he is rational now and understands things†¦not like a little kid anymore. He helps to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesn’t understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks. Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. Page 115-116- READ ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency session of legislature, Dill is not coming to visit for the summer, and Aunt Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the trial of Tom Robinson. 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. a. Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They don’t possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They are surprised when church goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, just as not all the white people are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both welcoming to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world throughout the Impurity of Women Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a separate existence from her household and taking care of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is important because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are trash people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was probably asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids while the trial is going on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is going on. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the proper social things to do and say, and she knew a great deal of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and generally did fit right into town’s society. However, Alexandra didn’t understand or agree with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the children’s behavior. Because their value systems were different, they were more often than not at odds. English 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions: Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain.

Poopp

â€Å"Should he order this devastating bomb to be dropped on Japan, a nation so close to defeat? ‘ (Stein 40). Perhaps this was President Trauma's most agonizing and most difficult decision of his life. Japan s plans to expand, led it to attack Pearl Harbor in December 1941 (US History World War II). This invasion made World War II an unavoidable event for the United States. The surprise offense on Hawaii made this country aware of the strength and power that Japan held.Ironically, a fair number of people urged President Truman not to employ the weapon because of the possible civilian deaths it could cause. These people were unaware of the three-million man army and a civilian population determined to fight until death that Japan had (Stein 40), without a doubt not a â€Å"nation so close to defeat†. Those who criticized the bomb had very little understanding of the type of war that America was brought Into. Numerous strategies on how to convince Japan to surrender were considered. In July, 1945, the atomic bomb became available.After a great amount of time contemplating, President Truman eventually decided to command the use of the atomic bombs. The explosives were dropped on two cities of military significance, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first city to be attacked was Hiroshima, on August 4th, 1945. This area of land is located in Japan's Inland Sea, on the main island, Honshu. This target for the first atomic weapon to be used was where the second general army was headquartered. Three days following the first drop of explosives, there was still no reply from Japan.On August 9th, America decided to repeat the process. The second primary target was a city with the name of Koura, which held a huge army arsenal (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). Thick clouds prevented the bombing on Koura, so the American navy resorted to their second choice of area, Nagasaki. This city Is located on Shush, an Island In Japan, and Included a port with naval installati ons. Despite arguments that still go on today, one can discover by research that the use of the explosives was undoubtedly appropriate and the most promising method to end the war.Japan is known for having much strength when it comes to war effort. With this, one can better understand why the bomb was needed to prevent the cost of American lives. Though there was much concern about the Japanese casualties, the dropping of the atomic bombs can be seen as a reasonable act of revenge on account of previous occurrences with Japan. The Japanese military was indispensably strict. Indubitably, victory was extremely substantial. But more than victory was the religious nature of Japanese war effort.Relatives, ancestors, and the emperor of the land were to be highly respected, much more respect than the typical American expresses towards his or her family. Every Japanese soldier Is, If anything, expected to die with honor. Any man who surrenders on the battlefield Is en as a pessimist by show ing disrespect to his country, family, and ruler. A very surrender. It is known that there have been frequent mass suicides among Japanese troops that occurred during and after losing battles. Japanese soldiers who were seized were usually approached poorly.Captured men were accounted as animals and not treated like humans. Numerous of Japanese have died or committed suicide in past losing battles, but that does not mean that they failed to try. Unquestionably, Japan consistently striver for victory, gave all their strength, and was over prepared for many battles. The country fought until the last man. Even the wounded were supplied with two hand grenades. â€Å"One was to kill an enemy soldier, including enemy medical staff, who approached them, and the other was to kill themselves rather than endure the shame of being captured alive† (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable).This act demonstrates how the Japan military was overenthusiastic and brutal. These would have been the troops America would have faced if President Truman had opposed the atomic bombs and decided to side with a Japan land invasion. Ultimately, the United States sufficiently weakened the Japanese promise of â€Å"fighting o the last man† when they surrendered. Destroying the country's words was Just one method to demolish Japan's power to make war and another reason why showing America's technological power by dropping two atomic bombs was appropriate.The decision to elect the explosives was extremely logical when thinking about the prevented American lives. President Harry Truman contemplated on an abundance of strategies to convince Japan to surrender. His first option was to continue what was previously ordered in Japan. Heavy bombing on Japan cities already existed, but the explosives would be intensified. Also, the Soviet Union, an ally in defeating Germany, was supposedly Joining the war with Japan. The president considered anticipating until the Soviet Union got involved, and p ossibly Japan would surrender without a catastrophe.Next, Truman thought it was worth a try bargaining Japan's surrender and allowing them to keep their emperor, Horopito, on his throne. The last method was a land invasion. According to the president, â€Å"each posed serious military, political, and diplomatic risks†(Scholastic Upfront Bomb Debate). Certainly, the forth option would have been intensely unfortunate for the United States of America. â€Å"An invasion of Japan's home islands would risk one-million American battle casualties† (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). In July, 1945, the atomic bomb became available.This seemed to be the most assuring way the war would end, but at the same time, President Truman was in a predicament because of such world controversy over whether the explosive was suitable. In the end, the president's decision showed that â€Å"the bombing was necessary to accomplish Trauma's objectives of forcing a prompt Japanese surrender and savi ng perhaps thousands of Americans' lives† (Scholastic Upfront Bomb Debate). Though this was not the purpose of dropping the bombs, the atomic explosives scattered over Japan can rationally be seen as an act of revenge.The Japanese was the reason behind America being brought into World War II, simply because of their attack on Pearl Harbor. The offense was without warning and a great amount of Americans died, including civilians. The number of American causalities from the attack was extremely ignominious compared to the insignificant amount of Japanese deaths. For those who side with the atomic bombs, the Pearl Harbor attack was another reason they believed the Orrville actions the Japanese have done to hurt the United of America.In a radio broadcast, following the dropping of the atomic bombs, Truman mentioned a few of Japan's negative efforts. Speaking about the explosive, President Truman said, â€Å"We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Ha rbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, and against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare† (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). Perhaps after the bombs were dropped, Truman felt a bit regretful of his commands.After attaining and stating those words, it is obvious that the president felt that he had decided on the correct choice. One can only believe that he pondered on the fact that he once had difficulty on deciding something that was so obvious when he recalled past issues with Japan. American considered plenty of ways for Japan to surrender. American even offered a few of these ways as choices to Japan. One would think that any alternative would be chosen over war, but this was irrelevant to Japan. As mentioned before, the Japanese belief was to â€Å"fight to the last man†, and that is what the country had planned to do.Others believe Japan was waiting in hopes of securing better su rrender terms (Scholastic Upfront Bomb Debate), but on July 28th, 1945, the Prime Minister of Japan, Suzuki, ignored the Potsdam Declaration. The Potsdam Declaration gave Japan an opportunity to surrender without war (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). â€Å"President Truman warned Japanese leaders that they must surrender or, ‘†¦ They may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth† (Stein 41). This was the president's method of getting Japan to understand that if there was no surrender, then there will be war, there will be revenge.In conclusion, Japan did surrender eventually, on August 14th. In the city of Hiroshima, an estimated amount of 60,000 people were killed. Over in Nagasaki, approximately 40,000 lives were taken, and relatively 60,000 injured. The bomb radiation would result in leaving many survivors with possible cancer, cataracts, genetic, life-shortening, and fertility effects. Perhaps these results were an ex tra force for Japan's surrender, along with the entry of the Soviet Union. Regardless of deaths, effects, and injuries done to Japan, the atomic weapons were unquestionably required to end World War II.The Japanese have plenty courage and strength in their war effort that it was certain that they weren't going to surrender. During the time of refusing and ignoring America's quest to compromise and perhaps arrange some sort of deal for the country to surrender, Japan was undoubtedly preparing for a fight to the death as a nation (Pacific War Bomb Justifiable). With this in mind, the bombs were a fortunate thing when the possible amount of American deaths resulting from a land invasion is apprehended. If the explosives weren't dropped, Japan would have control of the war.

Risk Management (article Critique) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management (article Critique) - Case Study Example CITS worked towards two different options of achieving the MIS system - procuring a ready to deploy software and in-house development of the MIS software from scratch. After assessment of pros & cons and the cost benefit analysis CITS decided to develop the MIS system in-house. However, this decision caused trouble times due to attrition of key people and lack of specialists. The project was finally completed with the help of final year students and an internal mentor who took the responsibility as part time assignment. The article finally claims that the MIS system was deployed successfully. The fundamental problem in this case study was lack of appropriate Risk Management. The analysis of the two modes of MIS deployment presented on pages 45 & 46 (Rodrigues. and Govinda. 2003. 45-46) is not promising because it doesn't take into account any risk analysis. The decision of developing in-house was taken purely on financial benefits which again may not have considered the enormous hidden costs in the in-house development process. Field & Keller (1998: 117) presented that after the risks are assessed and identified, the actions that can be taken are risk avoidance, risk reduction, risk transference, contingency planning and risk acceptance. The project plan of CITS largely ignored these aspects of risk mitigation and hence faced serious obstructions to the project due to attrition of key people and reluctance of end users in the data entry process. The documentation by CITS doesn't even include the project risk management part of the overall planning (Rodrigues. and Govinda. 2003. 46). Hence, the CITS was greeted with multiple surprises especially due to the people specific issues. The attrition of the system analyst at a time when the decision of developing the MIS in-house was taken recently must have left the CITS with only the high level design documents. At this stage a lecturer was engaged to take the project further who later on utilized his final year students to carry out the coding. The author hereb y argues that it is very unlikely that the low level designs and coding standards were established effectively for the project and hence the students might have used ready to compile codes that are available on the Internet. From the author's perspective, a project managed in this mode might have lived with high risks related to bugs, quality, data security, etc. (although not mentioned specifically in the case study). Hence, the Project Manager might have taken the route of risk acceptance given that he was able to develop & execute a contingency plan that largely worked for him. Comparing with the IS checklist by Cadle & Yeates (2004: 257-261), it appears that many aspects of the checklist were not planned by CITS. For example, the acceptance criteria, developer's skills, architecture aspects, testing methodologies, staffing requirements, etc, were not analyzed effectively in the MIS strategic plan documented by CITS. The entire plan

Mental Health- Young Adults and depression Essay

Mental Health- Young Adults and depression - Essay Example It is estimated that about 5.8 % of males and 9.5 % of females in the world experience a depressive episode every year (WHO 2001). Depression is a condition that should be differentiated from the normal feeling of sadness and decreased mood that is normal event in everyday’s life. There are several psychiatric conditions classified by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM IV TR) that are characterized by depressed mood also called mood disorders. All of them can be characterized in two broader groups depending if person had manic episodes which are major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. There are many subtypes of these conditions, but they are all characterized with episodes of depressed mood, diminished sense of pleasure and interest, feelings of guilt and low self esteem, feeling of low energy and worthlessness, insomnia, changes in appetite with weight loss or weight gain and other symptoms that can be a major cause of disability in the nor mal functioning of one person and other symptoms (Sadock et al 2002). ... ity to think or concentrate; indecisiveness - Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or specific plan for suicide (Kendler and Gardner 1998). Major depressive disorder is a condition without exact known pathopfisiology. Based on some clinical and pre - clinical trials it is suggested that disbalance of the serotonin, norepinefrine, dopamine and other neurotransmitters is the major etiological factor for depression. These conclusions are based mainly on the efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and other specific antidepressants in treating the symptoms of major depression (Nutt 2008). The mechanism of action of these drugs is more complex than simply elevating the levels of serotonin for example, because other substances like cocaine for example that cause only short elevation of the neurotransmitter levels are not effective in controlling the symptoms of depression on a longer terms and can even cause depressive episodes (Viggiano et al. 2004). Also it is known that several weeks of treatment with antidepressive drugs are necessary in order to achieve changes in the symptoms (Quitkin et al. 1996). This suggest that the mechanism of action of antidepressants is more complex where antidepressants after the initial effect on neurotransmission trigger subsequent neuroplstic changes in the brain that will result in a longer-term in the psychologic behavior of the individual. This only suggest that other factors than serotonin levels, like social, psychological, environmental and other are important in the development and treatment of depression (Robert and Frazer 2002). Other theory that tries to implement more integrative approach in understanding the etiology of depression is Diathesis-stress model that concludes that depression

IPv4 and ipv6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IPv4 and ipv6 - Essay Example The protocol accounts for most of today’s internet traffic and operates by describing a network in which there is no quality of service guarantee. IPV4 use 32 bit addressing and allows 4,294,967,296 unique addresses. IPV4 was widely used in modern transmission control protocol. The version provides basic datagram delivery characteristics and it has been highly rated by users for more than 10 years. IPv6 succeeded IPV4 and is currently used in directing 90% of internet traffic (Amer AbuAli 2001) The internet functions by transferring data between different hosts across different networks as specified by routing protocols. In order to transfer the data the protocols require a communicating mechanism and this is achieved by using IPv4 and IPv6. Migration from IPv4 to IPv6 is a cumbersome task because of the large numbers of IPv4 users. In today’s world, more people and organizations are using computers in their daily work. This will be hard to switch the IP protocol. The migration from ipv4 to ipv6 is implemented through step by step by utilizing auto configuration mechanism to eliminate manually configuration. Auto configuration mechanism allows users to mutually benefit from the upgraded IPv4 without affecting their connectivity. This method of migration is called the dual stack technique. Both the IPv4 and IPv6 are run at the same time. Data from IPv6 application in one end is interpreted by IPV6 protocol in the other end (Amer AbuAli 2001) Sets of simple internet procedures have been implemented fro smooth migration from IPv4 to IPv6 which include progressive and simple transition. Administrators update IPv4 routers one at a time without the need of upgrading other routers concurrent Administrators use the simple transition method simplifies in communication between IPv4 and IPv6. Networking devices which cannot be upgraded to IPv6 like the terminal servers can still operate on the IPv4 protocol using the transition model. In order to migrate

Company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Company analysis - Essay Example As such some governments put censorship laws that are meant to control the quality of information that can be accessed from or disseminated through the internet. The company should establish these factors first before launching the publication in different countries. Accessibility to the internet depends on the economic status of the country. Some countries are so poor such that resources are committed to other pressing issues. In such areas, spending money on women issues may be seen as a luxury which may not be afforded by many people living under poor conditions. In some countries, issues related to gender particularly feminism are viewed as a threat to the society since they can destabilize the moral fabric. Some societies are patriarchal hence the level of tolerance of issues related to feminism is low. Therefore, it is important for the company to establish these factors in each country it intends to set business. Since this is a global online publication, it is important for the company to establish the level of infrastructure as well as telecommunication development in each country it intends to penetrate. Internet connectivity varies from place to place across the globe. The distribution pattern is skewed in favour of the developed countries while the developing countries still lag behind in terms of telecommunications infrastructure since the internet is the major communication tool that would be used for all activities of the

Europe in the Internation Economic Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Europe in the Internation Economic Order - Essay Example The FDIs are constant and cheap sources of funds for the companies of a country and the Government is encouraged to allow the increase of the FDI for the development of the economy. It produces huge capital, which helps in the production of goods with the use of the modern technologies. The FDI influx is generally seen in most of the countries. However, the intensity is more in the less developed countries, as they are the ones in need of capital. With the entry of FDI, comes the vision of the management from the developed countries, which helps in the production procedure in the countries. This helps in the development of the economy of the countries. On the other hand, the companies of the developed nations are attracted to the FDIs because they get ample amount of benefits in the country where the investment is made. The companies want to extend the territory of the business and the best way to do it is by investing in the foreign companies. In this age of competition, it is of gr eat importance to capture the market and FDIs provide the companies the tool to do so. In the case of some of the FDIs, there is transfer of technologies, which helps the domestic companies. As stated earlier, the influx of the FDIs is the strongest in the less economically developed countries (LEDC). The LEDC provide the organizations of the developed countries a huge market and the Governments of these countries provide the necessary tools like the tax concessions to attract the FDIs. The Governments understand the need of capital formation in the country and they attract the investments. The FDIs are also seen in the more economically developed countries (MEDC). The paper will deal in the issues of the strategies of the LEDC and MEDC in attracting the FDIs. In the case of the MEDC, a European country will be taken. The benefits and the advantages of the policies of the Government will be evaluated in the case of the attraction of

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

International Relations - Essay Example The world community is quite skeptical of this stance taken by the regime as they see the program as a chance for the current regime to make a nuclear weapon. This situation would certainly cause a stir in the region due to the unstable relationship that Iran has with neighboring countries such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia and others (Bruno, Irans Nuclear Program, 2010). Iran’s nuclear program has caused a lot of hue and cry over the few years that it became common knowledge that Tehran was working on the program. Many resent the thought of Tehran having the potential of enriching nuclear material and using it either for energy purposes or for weapons as something unacceptable and dangerous. Even the Arab nations, though in the front portraying a show of support, are in the background somewhat skeptical of the program. In a meeting of the Gulf Cooperation Council in November of 2005 the leaders of several Arab nations, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, made a statement inviting the world nations to prevent he program taking off. The Secretary General in a statement claimed that the program had no justification for it and it was for the better that the Middle East be a weapons free zone with regards to weapons of mass destruction (KHAITOUS, 2008). There are a number of clear cut reasons why there needs to be concern over Iran’s nuclear program over that of France and Great Britain. Those two nations have their nuclear program off the ground and have managed to secure their facilities, as best as one can in this current global situation. Iran’s nuclear facilities are still in the preliminary stages with respect to the other nuclear programs operating in the world. A major concern are the Muslim extremists in the nation who are a threat to the world security. There are serious doubts as to how safe the nuclear material will be in Iran and whether Muslim extremists can get their hands on

African Masks in Pablo Picasso's Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

African Masks in Pablo Picasso's Art - Essay Example The paper "African Masks in Pablo Picasso's Art" explores the role of African art in Pablo Picasso's art and in the culture of the whole world. The history of African masks dates back to before the Paleolithic era. A major feature used by the Africans to represent culture was through the use of masks in ceremonies, feasts and rituals. Furthermore, the traditional African masks exemplified heroes, ancestors, spirits, codes of conduct and animals. Usually, the raw materials used to make the masks include wood, pottery, textile, bronze and copper. The substitute details in the masks would be made using sea shells, egg shells, animal feathers, horns, hair and bones. Because of the belief that the masks represented the spirits, the makers were regarded as superiors in the village. Also, the art and talent of making masks was believed to be passed in the family hence was considered a part of inheritance. On the other hand, the history of African art by Pablo Picasso dates back to the 19th century during the colonization of Africa especially the North and West coasts by France. The scramble and partition of Africa prompted the expeditions and the travels of West elites in search of riches and adventures which resulted to the promotion African art. After painting Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Picasso’s paintings were influenced by the two figures on the right side which basically were based on African art. Most of the African arts at that time were being interpreted to be signs of slavery, cannibalism, and mistreatment.

Acid- Base Titration Lab Essay Example for Free

Acid- Base Titration Lab Essay 1. When the end point is reached in an acid-base titration, the relationship between the concentrations of OH- and H3O+ are that they are equal. This doesn’t mean that the pH will be neutral, but the concentrations of both will be the same in a titration. 2. The pH of the end point is determined by what kind of indicator is used to indicate when the end point I reached. In this experiment, phenolphthalein was used. It shows a color change in the presence of a base, which means that our solution had to be slightly basic for it to turn a pink-purple color. So, the type of indicator used for the experiment will overall determine the pH of the end point because some indicators turn a different color in the presence of an acid and others in the presence of a base. 3. Regardless of the amount of water that is used to dissolve the unknown acid, the amount of moles would not change. This is because when you are diluting a solution, you are affecting the volume of the solution, but not the number of moles present in the solution. So, in this experiment when 40cm3, 35 cm3 and 45 cm3 could have been used to dissolve the unknown acid and the number of moles would not be different. 4. If the unknown acid ad been diprotic, then the mole-to-mole ratio between the acid and NaOH would have been 2:1, the molarity and normality would have been 0.180, the number of equivalents would have been two and not one, the number of moles of the unknown acid would have been 0.0090mol instead of 0.0045mol, and the molar mass of the acid would have been 220. Therefore, if the unknown acid had been diprotic everything would have been doubled. Conclusion: In this experiment, an acid-base titration was used to determine the molarity of a NaOH solution, the number of moles of NaOH that reacted with a different unknown acid, and the molar mass of this unknown acid. This was done by making the concentrations of 0.10M HCl and NaOH equal to determine the molarity of NaOH which is 0.091M. We then found that 0.0045mol of NaOH reacted with a different unknown acid by using the molarity of NaOH and the volume of NaOH that we used to titrate with the unknown acid. Since the mole-to-mole ratio of NaOH and the unknown acid were 1:1, we could use the same number of moles, 0.0045mol, for the acid to determine if molar mass. This was completed by using 0.0045mol and the mass in grams of the acid we used, which was 0.983g. By doing this we discovered that the molar mass of our acid was 220. By doing an acid-base titration

Destructive natural phenomena Essay Example for Free

Destructive natural phenomena Essay Among the most destructive natural phenomena caused by nature and known to man are earthquakes. Earthquakes are not only considered as one of the most destructive, but among the most frightening, traumatic and violent as well. In addition, earthquakes are beyond man’s control. They are also unpredictable. This paper aims to answer the following questions: How do earthquakes occur? What causes earthquakes? Based on its scientific definition, an earthquake is the result of a sudden movement of the earths crust due to the stress released from geologic faults or by volcanic activity. Sometimes it is also called as seism or temblor (â€Å"Earthquakes†). We often think that an earthquake is merely the shaking of the ground based on what we experience and what we see in the news. What we are not really aware of is that an earthquake happens everyday. It is reported by the United States Geological Survey that over 3 million earthquakes occur yearly which means every 11 seconds, an earthquake takes place. That’s around 8,000 earthquakes a day. Most of the time, the majority of these quakes are and cannot be felt. What alert us are the stronger earthquakes that happen in highly populated areas. In order to determine an earthquake’s strength, scientists measure earthquake strength by using a seismograph. The information gathered by the graph is then calculated. The unit of measuring an earthquake’s strength or ‘intensity’ is the Richter scale which is in turn used to rate the energy released by the quake which is known as the magnitude. When an earthquake occurs, it continuously produces waves referred as seismic wave. There are several types of seismic waves but the waves responsible in the first few strikes of movement during an earthquake are called body waves. These waves often travel at the earth’s inner part (Harris, 2001). With the help of the P waves and the S waves, which are the types of body waves, scientists are able to determine where an earthquake took place. P waves also known as primary waves can travel through different mediums. It can travel through solids, liquids and even gases. It travels faster and hit the ground first. On the other hand the S waves or the secondary waves follows through making the ground also shake. Apparently these waves helps scientist locate an earthquake’s epicentre of location. Through the help of seismographs, the amount of time between the P waves and the S waves are then recorded which is called seismogram, this will then determine how far away the earthquake was from the location. Most of the time it takes 3 seismographs to locate the epicenter or the exact direction of the earthquake which is called triangulation (Wald, 2008). During early times, natural causes were accounted with the anger of the gods that were displeased with mans action. Today, natural disasters are no longer accounted to ancient gods anymore. Instead, man explains such occurrences based on modern science. There are many causes of earthquakes. These can be attributed to volcanic eruptions or even explosions created by humans but the most frequent potential cause of this is the seismic plate movement. The plate tectonic theory states that the surface layer of the earth called lithosphere is comprised of different plates. Through the advent of the plate tectonic theory, different phenomena and facts that were formerly unknown were finally understood. Facts such as the movement of the continents and volcanic activities were just among the few facts that plate tectonics had unveiled. Since plates tend to slide on the region below the lithosphere, any of the three different things can happen at the boundaries between these huge plates: (1) the plates can move apart- whenever this occurs, hot, molten rock called magma, flows up. Magma will then appear on the surface, an activity that mostly happens on the ocean floor turning it into lava which in turn cools down and fills the gaps when it hardens. The area where this occurs is called the divergent plate boundary. (2) The plates can push together- an occurrence where in one plate is pushed under the other one which is called subduction. When the plate is then pushed beneath, it melts down in the lower mantle layers. Although plates have the tendency to subduct with one another there are certain boundaries wherein neither of these two plates would be able to do so thus, the tendency of each plate is to push one another and form mountains. The convergent plate boundaries are an area where plates are more like to push against each other. The plates would slide against each other- when this happens the plates are then pushed tightly together building a great tension in the transform boundary (Harris, 2001). We all know that earthquakes may occur anywhere and anytime but there are certain areas that are close enough where frequent actions of tremblors take place. The ring of fire is a zone where frequent earthquakes as well as volcanic eruptions occur. It is said that almost 90% of earthquakes in the world is experienced in this area. Countries like the United States, Indonesia, Canada, Brazil, Colombia and Chile are some of the areas that are prone to tremblors (Crystal, 2008). An earthquake brings fear and devastation is alarming. Furthermore, the inability to predict an earthquake makes it even more fearful. Though scientists are still looking for ways to minimize the devastating effects of an earthquake, knowledge and the understanding earthquakes are man’s best defence. Earthquakes education serves as the best protection and the hopes and continuous researches provides more security and helps in devastation prevention. References Earthquakes. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth edition. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/earthquakes Harris, T. (2001). How Earthquake Works. How Stuff Works. Retrieved June 12, 2008, from http://science. howstuffworks. com/earthquake. htm Wald, L. (2008). The Science of Earthquakes. U. S. Geological Survey. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http://earthquake. usgs. gov/learning/kids/eqscience. php Crystal, E. (2008). Pacific Ring of Fire. Crystalinks. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http://www. crystalinks. com/rof. html

The Age of Innocence | Analysis

The Age of Innocence | Analysis The Age of Innocence is the novel of Edith Whartons maturity in which she contemplates the New York of her youth, a society now extinct and even then under threat. She was born in 1862 into the exclusive, entrenched and apparently immutable world of wealthy New York families. It was a world of structured leisure, in which attendance at balls and dinners passed for occupation, in which the women devoted themselves to dress and to the maintenance of family and system and the men kept a watchful eye on the financial underpinning that made the whole process possible. It was a complacent and philistine world, but one with inflexible standards. These standards and any offences against it lies at the heart of The Age of Innocence; the sexual passion between Newland Archer, a married man, and Ellen Olenski, nonconformist and separated from her husband, threatens conventional mores and family security; the financial irregularities of Julius Beaufort require that he and his wife be ejected fro m society before they corrupt its most cherished integrities. The form of the novel allows its author to examine, with the wisdom of hindsight, a world which was in the process of breaking up when she was a girl, and which she herself rejected in any case. She wrote with the enclyclopedic knowledge of an insider with the accuracy and selective power of a fine novelist and the detachment of a highly intelligent social and historical observer. From the opening pages of the Age of Innocence, when Newland Archer attends the opera at the Academy of music in New York, we see through his eyes the stage and the cast of the book. Her selection of points of view: of the two central figures, Newland and Ellen Olenski, with whom he falls fatally in love, only Newland is allowed a voice; Ellen is always seen through his eyes and those of others, and is thus given a detachment which makes her both slightly mysterious and strengthens her role as the novels catalyst. Newland, on the other hand, by being given absolute definition of thought and action, is laid out for inspection and judgement; he has the vulnerability of exposure, while Ellen is left with privacy and silence. One is ultimately trapped by custom and circumstance, and the other a free spirit, harbinger of the future. As the novel begins, Newland is about to announce his engagement to May Welland, a conventional alliance with a beautiful girl from a suitable family. He loves her, but sees her, even at this early stage, with a clarity that is prescient: when he had gone the brief round of her he returned discouraged by the thought that all this frankness and innocence were only an artificial product. May, indeed, can be seen as embodying in her personality all the rigidity and implacable self-righteousness of the society itself A KIND OF INNOCENCE, but a dangerous and eventually self-destructive innocence. The novel falls naturally into two halves, before and after the marriage, and it is in the second half that we see the characters of the book Newland and May mature and conflict. In the first part of the book, Newland is allowed to appear as somewhat innocent himself, more sophisticated of course than his financà ©e because he is a man and has been permitted both emotional experiences (he has had a brief affair with a married woman) and an intellectual range not available at the time to a young woman, but nevertheless conditioned and relatively unquestioning. He views the New York of his birth and upbringing with a degree of affectionate impatience. He bows to the dictates of convention silver-backed brushed with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair never appearing in society without a flower in his buttonhole and accepts a world in which people move in an atmosphere of faint implications and pale delicacies. But at the same time, he is capable of criticism and rebellion, and it is in the second half of the novel that we see this capacity fanned into active life by his feelings for Ellen Olenski and his assessment and understanding of her situation and what is that is being done to her by the tribe. Newlands TRAGEDY is that in the last resort he is unable to obey his own instincts: nurture triumphs over nature. May is a more interesting character than she immediately appears; towards the end of the novel she appears to be anything but innocent. Ellen Olenski is her cousin, returned from Europe to the family fold after the collapse of a disasterous marriage to a philandering Polish count. May, initially, has been graciously kind to her and has encouraged Newlands friendly support and advice over Ellens complex and precarious situation: should she divorce her husband? But in the months after the marriage the passion between Newland and Ellen has become apparent to May (even though they dont seem to meet very much in the novel). We never know quite how but must assume that May is more astute and observant than she has appeared. With stealthy adroitness, she moves to save her marriage and avert the threat to social tranquility the outsider cannot be allowed to strike at the heart of all that is sacrosanct and must be ejected. The family tacitly close ranks around May, and Ellen is put under subtle pressure to return to Europe. In the final scenes, Newland realizes what is happening but he is mute and helpless because there is nothing he can do about it because to protest would be to betray himself and Ellen, who is the challenge and the threat to the status quo. She fascinates the men and repels the women by her cosmopolitanism, her taste for literature and art, her cooly amused view (almost flippant attitude) of the world of her childhood: Im sure Im dead and buried, and this dear old place is heaven, she says to Newland at their first meeting, and from that moment he is doomed. From the start, it appears she has decided to have him, judging by her offhand and unconventional assumption that he will visit her. The whole situation is very ambiguous because we as the reader are not privy to her thoughts and true intentions. Ellens family stands behind her at first and as a last resort they solicit the help of the almost fossilized and aristocratic van der Leydens, to ensure her acceptance. But Ellen is fatally tainted: although Ellen is the one who is the innocent party in her failed marriage (her husband, the Count had eyes with a lot of lashes [to lash = discard his eyes roamed] and when he wasnt chasing the women he was collecting china [china plate = mates] and paying any price for both [meaning he was a philanderer with both women and men and paid them handsomely as well], she is polluted there are even unconfirmed rumors that she has consoled herself. The double standards on which that society functioned becomes most apparent here: a woman must be blameless but a blind eye is turned on male sexual indulgence. Initial sympathy eventually turns to suspicion and then to rejection as it is realized that she is not going to conform that she is no longer one of them due to her freedom of mind and of spirit that is unacceptable in a woman. Ellen emerges as the victor, escaping to the freedom of a more expansive and imaginative society. The price she pays is her relationship with Newland Archer. Newland, Ellen and May are products of their time; whatever their instincts and their inclinations, they are obliged to obey its dictation. The author singles our Sillerton Jackson and Lawrence Lefferts, authorities respectively on family and on form. The unexpected ending is neither tragic nor happy. Archer has no hinders towards being with Ellen now, but chooses to keep her as a memory like a relic in a small dim chapel. She is now significantly older and perhaps does not want to be confronted with reality. She is simply a regret of his youth. Wharton frustrates the reader with this ending, and even with Archers and Ellens frustrated love. One of the central themes in The Age of Innocence is the struggle the individual has with his/her own desires and the dictates of the moral codes and manners of the group of which one belongs. Several times, both Archer and Ellen are expected to sacrifice their own desires for what the family and societal desires and expectations. A profound sense of irony is experienced in reading The Age of Innocence. The hypocrisy demonstrated by so many characters in the book, not least by the character of society, leads one to believe that Wharton must have had a facetious undertone when giving the title of the book. Also, Whartons style, with so many details that have meaning, such as the raised eyebrow or a meaningful glance, communicates that many details have crucial significance, which came well to pass in the filming of the novel as well. The problems with making a film from an existing novel are many; films can use visual images to their advantage, whereas un-illustrated books cannot. The verbal nuances in the text get lost when being translated to film. A world of meaning in a glance, carefully analyzed by Wharton in the text, gets lost in its translation to film. Details of fashion in the text go unnoticed by modern readers. Scorsese dealt with this issue by having a voice-over narrator, telling us the details about things that were necessary to comprehend the story and the various scenes in it. Summary of articles: I read the introduction to the book and I think I saw it as a background to the story but did not summarize the introduction itself. I used the information, at the back of my mind, while reading the book and taking notes. Perhaps it would have been better not to read the introduction first, but only after reading the novel itself. Pamela Knights Forms of Disembodiment: The Social Subject in the Age of Innocence There were many different subjects dealt with in this article, but the part of it which most appealed to me (and which I believe I have use for in other areas of study) was the overall psychological and anthropological analysis of the novel. The quote that sums it up: Any observation about an individual character about his or her consciousness, emotions, body, history, or language also entangles us in the collective experience of the group, expressed in the welter of trifles, the matrix of social knowledge, within and out of which Whartons subjects are composed where and how that entanglement extends is one of the novels questions. Nancy Bentley Hunting for the Real: Wharton and the Science of Manners The quote that sums this article is: The gap between reputation and reality here is provocative, for it hints at the complexity of Whartons relation to her cultural context and to the changing concept of culture itself, the subject at the heart of her fiction. And the historical turn to primitivism. This article is an analysis of Whartons style and the authors relationship to her work and her use of symbolism. Lawrence S. Friedman: The Cinema of Martin Scorsese This article discusses the irony in the novel and Scorseses interpretation of Wharton in two scenes and focuses on the frustration of unconsummated desire. Brigitte Peucker Scorseses Age of Innocence: Adaptation and Intermediality This article deals with film understood as a medium in which different representational systems specifically those of painting and writing both collide and replace one another, but are always supplemental to each other . This makes film a medium congenial to the artistic concerns of Wharton (who was not particularly positive to film), because her work is very visual and multi-layered both imaginistic and verbal. The adaptation of this work was particularly challenging because of the aspect of being multi-layered and it was difficult to translate one medium to another.

america the beautiful or the ugly :: essays research papers

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) was the best known and most influential African American leader of the 1800s. He was born a slave in Maryland but managed to escape to the North in 1838. He traveled to Massachusetts and settled in New Bedford, working as a laborer to support himself. In 1841, he attended a convention of the Massachusetts Antislavery Society and quickly came to the attention of its members, eventually becoming a leading figure in the New England antislavery movement. In 1845, Douglass published his autobiography, "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: an American Slave." With the revelation that he was an escaped slave, Douglass became fearful of possible re-enslavement and fled to Great Britain and stayed there for two years, giving lectures in support of the antislavery movement in America. With the assistance of English Quakers, Douglass raised enough money to buy his own his freedom and in 1847 he returned to America as a free man. He settled in Rochester, New York, where he published The North Star, an abolitionist newspaper. He directed the local underground railroad which smuggled escaped slaves into Canada and also worked to end racial segregation in Rochester's public schools. In 1852, the leading citizens of Rochester asked Douglass to give a speech as part of their Fourth of July celebrations. Douglass accepted their invitation. In his speech, however, Douglass delivered a scathing attack on the hypocrisy of a nation celebrating freedom and independence with speeches, parades and platitudes, while, within its borders, nearly four million humans were being kept as slaves. Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here today? What have I or those I represent to do with your national independence? Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? And am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits, and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us? Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions. Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. For who is there so cold that a nation's sympathy could not warm him? Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits?

Why is Dracula such a great horror story? Essay -- English Literature

Why is Dracula such a great horror story? In my opinion 'Dracula' is a great horror story because it is highly entertaining in its idea of vampirism, its atmospheric descriptions, powerful characterisation and the horrific death of Lucy. The novel is also interesting because of the religious perspectives, such as the use of garlic, holy water and the crucifix as weapons against evil. Jonathan Harker's journey to Count Dracula's home is described in great detail. The atmosphere not only adds to the dangerous ride to Dracula's Castle, but also comes alive as we're reading it. The atmosphere surrounding Harker is incredibly frightening but the detail and descriptions used are so astounding that we can feel the 'strange chills'. I felt like I was sitting beside Jonathan Harker. I 'shared' his 'fear'. Harker is travelling in a Caleche, a small, open, horse drawn carriage which is obviously dangerous. It adds suspense to the story, which makes the reader automatically think something terrible is going to occur. The 'long, agonized wailing' of the dogs seem to go on forever. As the journey takes longer it becomes more fearsome. Harker feels 'lonely'. Harker's driver is a strange, mysterious character, with his 'gleaming smile' as he steers the Caleche without revealing his face to Harker, or talking much. At this point the reader is thrilled and excited, feeling like a character in the story. The historical detail of the journey is also what makes this novel brilliant. Harker is very uncomfortable, 'caught my arm in a grip of steel.' I didn't realise how dangerous and uncomfortable the Caleches were back a hundred years ago until I read Harker's account of his journey. As the 'horses began to strain' and... ...hough to find out what people used to believe in. Stoker has used imaginative and gruesome details, which interested me a lot. I think this novel is wonderful mainly because of Lucy's death and how her fiancà © killed her. It shows how much Arthur loved Lucy. He killed her vampire form and bought back Lucy's soul so it could go to heaven. This dreadful part of the story is brilliant. I found it heartbreaking but I was amazed at Arthur's strong character. I think the novel was fascinating but it dragged and became boring in places. The journey to Transylvania, for example, was very well described and extremely spooky. However, this section could be shortened to maintain tension. I also think some of the character's diary entries could have been more focused on moving the story forward rather than offering lots of information, which we didn't really need.

The Three Little Users and the Big Bad Wolf Essay examples -- Creative

The Three Little Users and the Big Bad Wolf Once upon a time, there were three little computer users of three different professions and the time came for them to leave home and seek their fortunes. The first little user with the screen name LiLestPiggy, the youngest, bought his computer at the local chain computer store CompUSA, and had just recently installed a modem so he could surf the net. Email being the primary reason for the use of his computer, LiLestPiggy purchased a computer with the most basic set up. He was planning to surf the web and play games online, pursuing a job as an English teacher at the nearby elementary school. It was the most basic set up for a beginner. The second little user with the screen name LiLPiggy, the middle of the three, bought a laptop, installed Norton Anti-Virus, and installed a cable modem to insure a fast and safe internet connection. He was planning to pursue a business job so he needed a fast and safe computer. The third little user with the screen name of IllestPiggy, the eldest of three, built his own computer, installing several Anti-Virus programs and setting up a firewall and top-notch secret government security devices. A firewall protects your network from unwanted Internet traffic. The primary functions of a firewall are to let good traffic pass through while ‘bad’ traffic is blocked. The most important part of a firewall is its access control features that distinguish between good and bad traffic. One night, a hacker with the screen name BigBadWolf, who dearly loved to ruin little pigs lives, was out and about. The BigBadWolf instant messaged (IM’ed) LiLestPiggy who has the most basic internet connection. The BigBadWolf said, â€Å"Hello, I was wondering if ... ...estions brought up was whether the government should take action and patrol cyberspace for possible dangers. Some of the blame of the extensive abuse of the First Amendment can be pointed at the government. However, cyberspace is a place for people to act as they wish and speak freely, unless it would be breaking the first amendment of freedom of speech. If the government took action, there would most likely be conflict and it would be a big deal. In conclusion, hackers have tremendous power to cause trouble due to the unlimited resources and possibilities of the internet. Although they are capable of trouble, most hackers create viruses because of the purposes of it being challenging and entertaining. In this case, the government should step in and regulate cyberspace to a certain degree. We cannot let people commit crime and let them get away with it.

Pliny the Younger

This letter was written by Pliny the Younger to the Emperor Trajan while he was serving as the Governor of the Roman Province of Asia Minor during the time frame 111 through 113. This letter was written after Pliny had his first interactions with the Chirsitans. This letter seems to have been written as a letter of concern, asking the Emperor for guidance on how to handle legalities of his interactions with Christians. This concern was seen in his opening statement to the Emperor, It is my invariable rule, Sir, to refer to you in all matters where I feel doubtful; for who is more capable of removing my scruples, or informing my ignorance. †1 In my opinion, I believe that Pliny is clear in his communication to the Emperor. â€Å"I am unacquainted not only with the nature of their crimes, or the measures of their punishment, but how far it is proper to enter into an examination concerning them. †2 This statement to me, clarifies his concern of the religion, in whether or n ot the practice of Christianity is unishable. This letter signifies the importance of the changing world and the concern of how to handle those changes. I think that Pliny voiced that concern throughout this letter. He seemed to have been disturbed and unaware of how to handle these changes, and, if in fact these changes could be punishable; as this was not the way of the Roman beliefs. This was put clearly toward the end of Pliny’s letter, â€Å"This contagious superstition is not confined to the cities only, but has spread its infection mong the neighboring villages. †3 In summary, I feel that this letter is of significant concern and is an interesting account into the history of how Christianity was observed and dealt with in the Roman Empire. Bibliography Pliny the Younger. The Letters of Pliny (Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus): Book 10, Letters 97 and 98, Translated by Melmoth, Revised by the Rev. F. C. T. Bosanquet, 1905. http://wadsworth. com/history_d/special_ features/ilrn_legacy /wawc 1c01c/content/wciv1/readings/pliny. html

Fit Crackers Market Analysis

MKT 201Sec: 07 Submitted To: Mr. Abul Khair Jyote Submitted By: Group â€Å"Innovi† GROUP MEMBERS MD. Asif Chowdhury,ID: 1010498 Nafisa Khan, ID:1020718 Tusher Mahamud, ID: 1127026 Shadia Tahsin, ID: 1221675 Yasmin Jahan, ID: 1127036 Submission Date: 25th november 2012 ASSIGNMENT ON: â€Å"Fit Crackers† Acknowledgement: We would like to thank our respected course instructor Mr. Abul Khair Jyote to give us such an opportunity to make a group report on a product’s market analysis. We also want to give him a special word of thanks for his persistent guidance and encouragement at all stages of this work.We consider it a great opportunity to have a share of his knowledge and experience in the field of marketing. And we want to thank the Pran foods company’s employees for giving us such valuable information. We also want to thank our guardians, seniors and friends who help us to make our report valuable and complete by giving information and their valuable perce ptions. Topic Name| Page No. | 1. Executive Summary| 1| 2. Introduction * Company overview * Product| 2-32-33| 3. Marketing Mix * Product * Price * Place * Promotion| 44444| 4.Market Strategies * Market Segmentation * Target Market * Market Positioning| 5-655-66| 5. Practice of Marketing Concept| 6| 6. Building Customer Relationship| 6-7| 7. Customer Relationship Group| 7-8| 8. Competitors| 8| 9. SWOT Analysis| 9| 10. Ad Analysis| 10| 11. Product Life Cycle| 11| 12. Conclusion| 11| Executive Summary: Fit Crackers is a product of Pran Food Company. It starts the journey in 2012 with milk favored biscuit. Slogan of this product was â€Å"ESE GELO CRISPY CRUNCHY FIT CRACKERS EKBAR KHAN R TOTALLY CRAGY HOYE JAN†. Weight of this product is 130gm and price is TK. 0. In market segmentation it does not focus only a special group. It divides market into multiple segments like demographic, Psychographic segmentation. It uses different target marketing strategies for its several custome rs. Its target customers are children, young people. That is why it uses milk flavor, sweet and healthy ingredients. It holds a great position in the consumer mind by creating good taste of biscuit also favorable price for every class of people. To build a good relationship Pran always handle their consumer promptly. PRAN view their consumers’ as their king.They build and maintain profitable customer relationships via endorsing consumers’ satisfaction. It also maintains good customer relationship. At the beginning of Fit crackers it has good demand in the local market. But day by day competitors are increasing by offering more variety product with fewer prices like Fnf crackers by Danish group. In the SWOT analysis it has good chance to hold market also have weakness & threats to escape from the market. Pran fit Cracker has an Ad which telecasts on Tv also it circulates Ad on some newspaper.This ad actually dictates that people who love craziness especially the younger can enjoy it more to feel their craziness. Fit Crackers starts its life cycle from introduction with great effort and successfully hold in the market but due to increasing competitors its now in maturity stage which is not good for Pran. At last we can indicate that to survive in the competitive market Pran have to come with new variety taste of fit crackers like Fnf Crackers with attractive price by providing superior taste than other competitors. Page No. 01 Introduction: We analyze the market of â€Å"Fit Crackers† a product of PRAN Foods Company.The introduction part divided into two sections one is about company and the other one is about the product. Company Overview: â€Å"PRAN† is currently one of the most admired food and beverage brand among the peoples of Bangladesh. PRAN started in 1981 as a processors fruit and vegetable in Bangladesh. All the PRAN products are produced as per international standards maintaining highest level of quality at every stages of its production process. PRAN products are regularly being exported among 82 countries around the world. The company has adopted ISO 9001 as a guiding principle of its management system.This company is complaint to HACCP and certified with HALAL, which ensures the best quality products reaches to the customers around the world. Company Aim: â€Å"To generate employment and earn dignity and self-respect for their competitors through profitable enterprises. † Vision: â€Å"Improving Livelihood† PRAN is currently producing 200 hundred products under 10 different categories. Page No. 02 Company Objective * Profit maximization * Maximize sales * Growth * Maximize sales revenue Attract and retain loyal customers by providing value for customers LOGO Company Address:Corporate Address: PRAN-RFL Centre, 105 Middle Badda, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. Phone: 880-2-9881792 Ext-345, 880-2-8835546 Fax: 88-02-8837464 Web Address: www. pranfoods. net Product Introduction: Our market analyz ing product name is â€Å"Fit Crackers† it’s a milk-flavored biscuit. It’s a Bangladeshi product. It is under their Dairy Category. PRAN Dairy Limited manufactures it in their factory Bagpara, Palash, Narsingdi. PRAN come with a new milk flavored biscuits with new taste and new design Launch Year: 2012 Page No. 03 Country of origin: Bangladesh Storage Information: Keep in dry and cool place.Marketing Mix: The marketing mix consists of everything that the PRAN Fit Crackers can do to influence the demand for its product. The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables known as the 4Ps. Product: In short, we can define product as anything that can be offered to a market or consumer for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need or want. This product is pure tangible goods. Levels of the product: The following are the two levels of this product: Core Benefit: Satisfaction of hunger, ensure nutrition to the people.Actua l Product Name: Fit Crackers, a PRAN food. A new milk- flavored crispy, crunchy and tasty biscuit with new and different style packing. Tagline/Slogan: â€Å"ESE GELO CRISPY CRUNCHY FIT CRACKERS EKBAR KHAN R TOTALLY CRAGY HOYE JAN† Net Weight: 130 GM. Price: Tk. 30. 00, which is based on their target customer’s income. Place: This product is available in every grocery and departmental shops of Bangladesh. It also exported other countries like PRAN’s others products. Promotion: It uses newspaper and TV Ad as promotional activities. Page No. 04 Market Strategies: Market positioningTarget marketing Market segmentation This process involves market segmentation, target marketing, differentiation and positioning. Market Segmentation: Market segmentation is one of the most important parts in marketing. It is the part where marketers divide the market into small groups of buyers’ distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior that might require separate products or marketing mixes. Here, Multiple segmentation is use to choose the market. Demographic Segmentation Age & life cycle: This is a milk flavored sweet healthy and biscuit which is for children and young people mainly.Because for older people sweet and fat is not healthy. They choose a small family size. Religion: They choose not only Non-Muslim and non-vegetarian but also for Muslim and vegetarian. Psychographic Segmentation: It’s a milk flavored crispy crunchy biscuit, which new different taste create craziness. Its slogan based on this psychology of craziness. They choose middle class people for their market. Target Marketing: It uses different target marketing strategies for its several customers. Its target customers are children, young people. That is why it uses milk flavor, sweet and healthy ingredients.Make the product crispy, crunchy and tasty to attract the customers. It designed and weighted based on another customer small families. Page No. 05 Another customer is mid dle class people who like to take biscuits with tea. To attract middle class people it designed like a meal, which people can take with tea. Moreover, they make a lower price for middle class people. It targets not only Non-Muslim and non-vegetarian people but also Muslim and vegetarian people. That is why they use HALAL and vegetarian ingredients to make this product. Market Positioning:While promoting or introducing a new product it is very important to have a good and strong positioning strategy. Product position is the way the product defined by consumers on important attributes-the place and product occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing. As fit crackers is a product of PRAN group create position in the consumer mind by promoting attractive ad with great milk flavor taste also with good brand name (Pran) so is definitely have a better place relatively to competing products in the minds of target customers.It’s completely a new product with an advantage over other competitor by offering good taste with good price which can easily affordable to every class of people. Practice of Marketing Concepts: There are five marketing concepts. * Production * Product * Selling * Marketing * Social Marketing Concept From this PRAN practice Marketing concepts for â€Å"Fit Crackers† Marketing concepts: They view their customers as their king and as their laypeople. They identify needs and wants of the target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do.That is why they come with different milk-flavored biscuit from their competitors innovating new taste according to their customer choice. Building Customer Relationship: PRAN view their consumers’ as their king. They care about their consumers. They build and maintain profitable customer relationships via endorsing consumers’ satisfaction. They fully support consumers’ right to know what is in the product and they are transparent in terms of ingredients. They provide clear communication about their product ingredients, date of expire, nutrition values, etc.Page No. 06 They recently have started PCC (PRAN Customer Care) The eventual goal of their customer care program is to build long-term profitable relationships with their customers. They honor the communication to their customers. So, they humbly request their customers to feel free to communicate with them regarding following issues: * Complaint for the product * Price information * Benefits of the product * Comments for the product * And any other issues Objectives to seek through their customers’ care are: * To create a culture of customer focus To receive complaints from the customers on product related matters * To achieve customer satisfaction * To create rapport and loyalty They provide the easiest way to communication as they care valuable time of their consumers. Consumers can communicate with them about them through: * Cell Phone: +88-01973-737777 (During 8 A. M. to 8 P. M. ) * Through their web mail- [email  protected] com Customer Relationship Groups: For capturing Value from customers every product or company need to identify its customer groups. There are four customer groups:Short-term Customer Project Loyalty Long –term Customer High Profitability Low Profitability Potential Profitability Page No. 07 True Friends; Small families who are always having product of PRAN and very loyal to as PRAN product consumers they are also â€Å"Fit Crackers† true Fiends. Butterflies: Children or young people are â€Å"Fit Crackers† Butterflies. They are highly profitable but if they get extra facilities from another crackers biscuits like taste change, cost effective facility they will switch to another crackers biscuits.Strangers: Some people live in Bangladesh but do not like to have Bangladeshi manufacturing products they always try to choose exported products for their own use. That kind of people is strange rs for â€Å"Fit Crackers†. However, they are very little in size. Barnacles: Upper Middle class and upper class people are like Barnacles for â€Å"Fit Crackers†. Because they are, like fastidious. However, they are very loyal to PRAN, the leading Bangladeshi agro-based manufacturing company. However, if they find a simple fault or very little taste dissatisfaction they will be switch to others. Competitors:Day by day new competitors has arrived on of them is ‘FnF crackers’ by Danish group. They also provide the same design biscuit but their price of the product is not so high Tk. 30. n also tastes different from Fit crackers. Main point is that they brought small packet size 65-gram n price 15 Tk. Therefore, â€Å"FnF crackers† have a strong chance to compete. Page No. 08 Source: Prothom Alo News Paper Bangladesh, 22 November 2012, Front Page. SWOT Analysis: Strengths * Completely new Segment. * Taste is good. * Consumer perception is good. * Reas onable price than other product| Weaknesses * Low market share. Lack of brand awareness. * Lack of variety. * Lack of product size differentiation. | Threats * Competitors have variety. * Competitor has different product size. * Lack of promotion. | Opportunities * Fast market expansion. * Younger as an influence. * Innovative Promotions. * Good Brand name. | | | Ad Analysis: As Fit crackers is a biscuit targeted towards the young generation who are always in a hurry and don’t get enough nutrition, the Tvc and Newspaper Ad of this product also generate the intension to grab that particular target markets attention.Lots of colors have been used with a humorous story. Source: Prothom Alo Newspaper, Bangladesh 17 September, Page 20 Page No. 09 Product Lifecycle: A new product progresses through a sequence of stages from product development to introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. This sequence known as the product life cycle and is associated with changes in the marketing situation, thus affecting the marketing strategy and the marketing mix. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FOR FIT CRACKERS, THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS IS: THIS PRODUCT IS ON NOW IN MATURITY STAGE(information provided by Pran company) * In maturity stage one or more competitors can come. And a competitor named FnF Crackers come in market and they offers lower price than fit Crackers. * Fit crackers features enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors. Page No. 10 Conclusion: Page No. 11 From the overall point of view we can conclude that Pran is a good company which has great value in the market which come up Fit crackers with successive strategy which has great demand in the market when competitors were absent in the market.Now markets are flourished with new product with variety according to consumer choice. One of the competitive products of Fit Crackers is FnF Crackers of Danish Group come up with variety with good price. But one thing Fnf Crackers not have which is bra nd name but Pran has so still have chance of fit crackers to regain his position in the market if they come up with new variety of product of Fit Crackers with variety taste which should superior than other. To draw attention of consumer Pran have to promote its product more and more by Tv, Magazine, Radio, Newspaper etc. Thank You

Julie

â€Å"BP is a multinational energy business that has 92,000 employees and operates in 175 countries. When a new chief executive was recruited internally at BP (Tony Hayward), he promised to improve the company’s disappointing performance by quickly changing its culture to become more innovative and responsive to its customers. † Q: How easy do you think it is for a new chief executive to change the culture of an organization quickly?Justify your answer with reference to BP &/or other businesses that you know. The BP Company has experienced a huge explosion at its Texas City Refinery in 2005, the oil spillage in Alaska in 2006 and also the Gulf of Mexico explosion in the BP oilfield in 2010, and these occurrences have had effects on the BP’s reputation and the business performance. As a new chief executive officer, Tony Hayward was recruited in June 2007 and he took over for BP's highly-respected former CEO Lord Browne.The new CEO of BP may be able to use his own leadership or management style to change the culture of the organization and also try to help the business to grow and improve better. However, the extent to which the effectiveness of his way of leading the business and how quickly it can be for change to eh business culture are depends upon different factors. Firstly, Tony Hayward uses the democratic and paternalistic leadership style to manage the business.Hayward was describing as a typical command and control organization that is overly focused on cost-cutting and consumed with firefighting. According to the website, Hayward had shared his opinion of the culture of the business and three major points with other members of senior management. He stated that the BP is having the leadership style that probably is too directive and doesn't listen sufficiently well. The top of the organization doesn't listen hard enough to what the bottom of the organization is saying.BP has a management style that has made a virtue out of doing more for less which in some cases is okay and might work, but it needs to be managed and deployed with great judgment and wisdom, and when it isn't, the BP may run into troubles. Another thing that Hayward is trying to say is that he thinks the BP should think more about the maintenance of a piece of equipment for a longer time period but not the short term benefit like cutting the cost, for example, it is not responsible to cut budgets related to safety and maintenance without thoroughly examining the impact on the risk of a catastrophic accident.At the same time, Hayward is well known and has experiences in the organization. If the workers can get involved more to the business so that this might lead to better decision making and he also want workers to feel more secure and happy in their jobs, since he hope to make the business to become more innovative. For example, in changing situations that demand a new way of thinking or a fresh solution, stuff input can be very helpful and valu able.These management strategies may lead the business to perform better, and if the whole business is having more motivation to work which on the other words means to become more responsive to its customers and furthermore, it may enable BP to raise it reputation and gain its public’s trust again. However, on the other hand, changing the corporative culture of the business can be very difficult and in reality, it take times for the business to get used to the changes before it moves on to the other stage of better business performance. There are also some other factors that can influence the leadership style.For example, if the employees of BP are more used to the leadership style of the previous CEO, although it is believed that management strategies can significant influence the whole business, but it might still lead to a bad or worse business performance or the resistance from the employees from accepting the changes in the culture of the business. The CEO of BP may not be able to change the business culture quickly or expecting a sudden change in the innovative ability of the business, most of the strategies take time to result in the good way and become effective for the whole business.Another factor is that because for the natural of the business, like its reputation has been influence by the serious occurrences that happened before and BP had also lost some public trusts, rather than trying to change negative aspect, it might be better and easier for them to concentrate on the positive aspects of the business and how it currently operates. Some of the external factors that will influence the leader’s ability may be the economic issue like recession, for example, the rapid decisions taken at a senior level may be needed to secure the survival of the business during the recession.There are also some problems associated with the change in organizational culture. Firstly, If the establishment of the new objectives and a mission statement is not clear or is not accurately reflecting the new values and attitudes that are to be adopted, these new aspects of the business all needed to be communicated to all the employees of BP, otherwise it might lead to a demotivation of the workforce of the whole business.Secondly, if the CEO of BP is unable to change the culture of the business in the quick way because of lack of training, so they may need to train staff in new procedures and new ways of working. If the people believe in the change and understand the benefits of it, then it will become more acceptable to them. In conclusion, it is possible for a new chief executive to change the culture of an organization and have positive influences if the CEO implement the right strategies and has set the objects clear and communicate well to the whole business.However, it takes time for the BP Company to accept or get used to the changes of the business culture in a short period of time. Therefore, if the CEO is able to avoid the pos sible negative influences that might affect the change in organizational culture and the factors that might have an impact on the BP’s performance, then the new CEO may be able to help BP to improve the company’s disappointing performance and achieve its main corporate objectives in the future.

Ayurvedic Medicine Essay

Ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s oldest medical practices. It is also called Ayurveda and means â€Å"the science of life† (Cherry and Jacob, pp239, para 5). This practice originated in India and is now world known. Ayurveda’s goal is to â€Å"integrate and balance the body, mind, and spirit† (Ayurvedic Medicine, para 2). This practice is uses a variety of products and techniques such as herbal remedies, massage, meditation, breathing exercises and special foods to help cleanse the body and attempt to restore balance. This is believed to prevent illness and maintain wellness. Before using this therapy, you must first consult your healthcare provider because certain herbs have various side effects and may counteract with certain medications. Some view these practices as holistic medicine, however in the United States, it is viewed as a CAM and a whole medical system. It is believed that a person’s chances of developing certain diseases depends on the way doshas, which are â€Å"distinct metabolic body types† (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, para 1), are balanced, their mental and physical wellbeing and lifestyles. There are three types of doshas. 1. Vata, which are unpredictable, hyperactive, impulsive, slender, prone to insomnia, have fluctuating energy levels, cramps, and constipation. 2. Pitta, which are predictable, efficient, perfectionist, passionate, short-tempered, prone to heavy perspiration, medium build, have acne, ulcers, and stomach problems. 3. Kapha, which are relaxed, affectionate, forgiving, sleeps long and deeply, have a tendency toward procrastination, obese, have high cholesterol, allergies and sinusitis (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, table 11-1). The treatment process depends on the body type a patient possesses and may include using any of the following techniques: cleansing, detoxification, palliation, rejuvenation through special herbs and minerals, mental hygiene and spiritual healing (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240 para 2). Another goal to Ayurveda is to promote spiritual healing and remove oneself from negative situations to aid in mental nurturing. Some therapies that are currently approved for Ayurveda usage include a herbal remedy curcuminoid from turmeric used in cardiovascular conditions, cowhedge plant compounds used to lessen the side effects of Parkinson’s disease drugs, ginger, turmeric and  boswellia used in inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and the herb gotu kola to treat Alzheimer’s disease (NCCAM-Funded Research, para 1) . There is no process for certifying or licensing Ayurvedic practitioners currently (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, para 3). However, many practitioners study in India where training may take up to 5 years to complete. After graduating, these practitioners may choose to provide care in the United States. Although there are no national standard for training in the US for Ayurveda, a few states have approved these schools as educational institutions (Practioner Training and Education, para 1). To locate qualified practitioners, you may visit the website www.ayurveda.com or http://ayurvedanama.org/find-practitioner/. Or for general information on Ayurvedic medical practice, you may visit www. nccam.nih.gov. REFERENCES Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction, 2009 July, retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm, on August 4 2012. Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. R. (2011). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, and management. (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby, Chapter 11, pp 239-240.